Untersuchungen zur Lokalisierung von Wahrnehmungsprozessen: Figurale Nachwirkungen bei binokularen Wettstreit-Bedingungen

Perception ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Crabus ◽  
M Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Figural Aftereffect ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Inspection Figure

Figural aftereffects were measured under binocular-rivalry conditions, the suppressed part of the binocular-rivalry situation being used as an inspection figure. The results show that figural aftereffects are reduced in a partly suppressed configuration and disappear completely when the inspection figure is fully suppressed. This indicates that the figural aftereffect process is localized at a higher level in the visual system than area 17.

scholarly journals Effects of inspection figure persistence on a figural aftereffect

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 279-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weneke J. Seltzer ◽  
Charles L. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Figural Aftereffect ◽  
Inspection Figure

The Site of Binocular Rivalry Suppression

Perception ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph Blake ◽  
Randall Overton
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Threshold Elevation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Contrast Adaptation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Two experiments were performed to localize the site of binocular rivalry suppression in relation to the locus of grating adaptation. In one experiment it was found that phenomenal suppression of a high-contrast adaptation grating presented to one eye had no influence on the strength of the threshold-elevation aftereffect measured interocularly. Evidently information about the adaptation grating arrives at the site of the aftereffect (presumably binocular neurons) even during suppression. In a second experiment 60 s of grating adaptation was found to produce a short-term reduction in the predominance of the adapted eye during binocular rivalry. These findings provide converging lines of evidence that suppression occurs at a site in the human visual system after the locus of grating adaptation and, hence, after the striate cortex.

Binocular Rivalry and Surface-Boundary Processing

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5489 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Leng Ooi ◽  
Zijiang J He
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Boundary Contour ◽  
Similar Stimulus ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Contour Information ◽  
Stimulus Design

Theoretical and empirical studies show that the visual system relies on boundary contours and surface features (eg textures) to represent 3-D surfaces. When the surface to be represented has little texture information, or has a periodic texture pattern (grating), the boundary contour information assumes a larger weight in representing the surface. Adopting the premise that the mechanisms of 3-D surface representation also determine binocular rivalry perception, the current paper focuses on whether boundary contours have a similar role in binocular rivalry. In experiment 1, we tested the prediction that the visual system prefers selecting an image/figure defined by boundary contours for rivalry dominance. We designed a binocular rivalry stimulus wherein one half-image has a boundary contour defined by a grating disk on a background with an orthogonal grating orientation. The other half-image consists solely of the (same orientation) grating background without the grating disk, ie no boundary contour. Confirming our prediction, the predominance for the half-image with the grating disk is ∼90%, despite the fact that the grating disk corresponds to an area with orthogonal grating in the fellow eye. The advantage of the grating disk is dramatically reduced to about 50% predominance when a boundary contour is added to the background-only half-image at the location corresponding to the grating disk. We attribute this reduced advantage to the formation of a corresponding binocular boundary contour. In experiment 2 the grating background was substituted by a random-dot background in a similar stimulus design. We found that the perceptual salience of the corresponding binocular boundary contours extracted by the interocular matching process is an important factor in determining the dynamics of binocular rivalry. Experiment 3 showed that vertical lines with uneven thickness and spacing as the background reduce the contribution of the monocular boundary contour of the grating disk in binocular rivalry, possibly through the formation of binocular boundary contours between the local edges (vertical components) of the vertical lines and the corresponding grating disk.

Single cells in the visual system and images past

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Glenn E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Related Activity

Various techniques have attempted to localize imagery. However, early findings using single cell recordings of human receptive fields during imagery tasks have had little impact. Reports by Marg and his coworkers (1968) found no evidence for imagery in human Area 17, 18, and 19. Single cells from humans suggest later imagery-related activity in hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus.

scholarly journals Distinct Contributions of the Magnocellular and Parvocellular Visual Streams to Perceptual Selection

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel N. Denison ◽  
Michael A. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Multiple Stimulus ◽  
Perceptual Alternation ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Regular Alternation

During binocular rivalry, conflicting images presented to the two eyes compete for perceptual dominance, but the neural basis of this competition is disputed. In interocular switch rivalry, rival images periodically exchanged between the two eyes generate one of two types of perceptual alternation: (1) a fast, regular alternation between the images that is time-locked to the stimulus switches and has been proposed to arise from competition at lower levels of the visual processing hierarchy or (2) a slow, irregular alternation spanning multiple stimulus switches that has been associated with higher levels of the visual system. The existence of these two types of perceptual alternation has been influential in establishing the view that rivalry may be resolved at multiple hierarchical levels of the visual system. We varied the spatial, temporal, and luminance properties of interocular switch rivalry gratings and found, instead, an association between fast, regular perceptual alternations and processing by the magnocellular stream and between slow, irregular alternations and processing by the parvocellular stream. The magnocellular and parvocellular streams are two early visual pathways that are specialized for the processing of motion and form, respectively. These results provide a new framework for understanding the neural substrates of binocular rivalry that emphasizes the importance of parallel visual processing streams, and not only hierarchical organization, in the perceptual resolution of ambiguities in the visual environment.

Fitting Index of Predominance Based on Periodicity of Strengths of Pattern and Suppression in Binocular Rivalry

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Sohmiya ◽  
Kazuko Sohmiya
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Suitable Index ◽  
Observation Period

The predominance of the strength of pattern over the strength of suppression during binocular rivalry has generally been defined as the percentage of total time of appearance. Is this fit for an index of the predominance? Theoretically, the strengths of pattern and suppression periodically oscillate throughout the observation period. From this assumption, the best fitting indices of predominance were examined. The simplest model of the visual system was one in which the periodicity of the two originates was expressed by a differential equation. Various indices were examined by the solution of its equation so that a power function of the ratio of the time of appearance to that of disappearance was obtained as the most suitable index of the predominance.

A Distributed Intercortical Processing of Binocular Rivalry: Psychophysical Evidence

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3467 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Leng Ooi ◽  
Zijiang J He
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Surface Integration ◽  
Visual Scenes ◽  
Over Time

When dissimilar visual scenes are viewed dichoptically, the observer perceives several different representations of the scene over time. To reveal that a distributed intercortical network mediates this phenomenon of binocular rivalry, we used a Kanizsa square-like display consisting of four pairs of color-rivalry-inducing elements. We found that when all four dominant elements had the same color, regardless of whether they were from the same or different eyes, the visual system ably integrated them into a larger subjective surface. Once formed, the same-colored subjective surface enjoyed a relatively longer predominance than mixed-colored patterns. During rivalry alternation, this same-colored surface was more likely to be replaced by a complementary same-colored surface, rather than by mixed-colored patterns (cohesive effect). Further, surface integration, which is mainly an extrastriate cortical function, was stronger when the same eye viewed the same-colored rivalry stimuli. Since the eye-of-origin signature is explicitly represented in V1, these findings together suggest that rivalry is processed along a distributed network including V1 and the extrastriate cortices.

Spatiotemporal Isosensitivity Fields in the Human Visual System

Perception ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Spatial Domain ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Dynamic Textures ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Global Pattern

The human visual system is capable of detecting correlations, manifested perceptually as global pattern, in mathematically constrained dynamic textures. This ability has given rise to speculation that correlative mechanisms in the human visual system exist and that they have a neural basis similar to the orientationally selective structures discovered in area 17 of the mammalian visual cortex. The limits to the detection of correlation were mapped, spatially and temporally, by means of a psychophysical technique. Evidence is presented that, at least in the spatial domain, the correlation mechanism may be served by a population of such neural units.

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