Figural Aftereffects in Random-Dot Stereograms without Monocular Contours

Perception ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J T Walker ◽  
M W Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Fusion ◽  
Random Dot Stereograms

Random-dot stereograms produced contour-displacement figural aftereffects in the absence of monocular inspection and test contours. Such aftereffects are wholly cyclopean (central), since no interaction between inspection and test contours could occur at any level lower than the area of binocular fusion. Cyclopean aftereffects have important implications for theories of figural aftereffects.

Texture Discrimination at the Cyclopean Retina

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Pérez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Binocular Fusion ◽  
Texture Discrimination ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Random Dot Stereograms

One of the open questions within the study of texture discrimination is whether the underlying neural mechanisms are located within the two monocular pathways, or whether they are located at more central areas that process binocular information. This question is considered here in psychophysical experiments of texture discrimination involving stereograms. The results show that texture discrimination for differences in form and size occur after binocular fusion. Moreover, the suitability of random-dot stereograms versus line-figure stereograms for this research has been studied. It was found that discrimination for differences in form was better with line-figure stereograms whereas discrimination for differences in size was better with random-dot stereograms.

How We See the World in Depth

2021 ◽  
pp. 370-403
Author(s):  
Stephen Grossberg
Keyword(s):  
Necker Cube ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Boundary Surface ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Binocular Fusion ◽  
3D Vision ◽  
Random Dot Stereograms ◽  
Boundary Grouping ◽  
Limiting Case

This chapter explains how 3D vision and figure-ground perception occur in our brains. It shows how the 2D boundary and surface processes that are described in earlier chapters naturally generalize to 3D via both the FACADE (Form-And-Color-And-DEpth) theory of 3D vision and figure-ground perception, and the 3D LAMINART model that generalizes the laminar cortical circuits of Chapter 10 to 3D and naturally embodies and generalizes FACADE. Contrast-specific binocular fusion and contrast-invariant boundary formation are explained in terms of identified cells in specific layers of cortical areas V1 and V2. The correspondence problem is solved using a disparity filter that eliminates false binocular matches in layer 2/3 of V2, while it chooses the 3D binocular boundary grouping that is best supported by scenic cues. The critical role of monocular boundary information in figure-ground perception is explained and used to simulate DaVinci stereopsis percepts, along with surface-to-boundary surface contour signals and a fixation plane bias due to life-long experiences with fixated scenic features. Simulated data include the Venetian blind effect, Panum’s limiting case, dichoptic masking, 3D Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet effect, Julesz random dot stereograms, 3D percepts of 2D pictures of shaded ellipses and discrete textures, simultaneous fusion and rivalry percepts when viewing Kulikowski and Kaufman stereograms, stimulus rivalry and eye rivalry, and bistable percepts of slanted surfaces, including the Necker cube. The size-disparity correlation enables signals from multiple scales to cooperate and compete to generate boundary representations at multiple depths. 3D percepts of natural scenes from stereograms are also simulated with these circuits.

Independent Spatial-Frequency-Tuned Channels in Binocular Fusion and Rivalry

Perception ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bela Julesz ◽  
Joan E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Sinusoidal Grating ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Binocular Fusion ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
First Case ◽  
Noise Energy ◽  
Random Dot Stereograms ◽  
Masking Noise

Monocular masking studies show that the visibility of a one-dimensional sinusoidal grating remains unchanged in the presence of masking noise filtered so as to contain spectral components that are at least two octaves away from the spatial frequency of the grating (Stromeyer and Julesz 1972). In the present study, random-dot stereograms were bandpass filtered in the two-dimensional Fourier domain, and masking noise of various spatial frequency bands was added to the filtered stereograms. Masking noise bands containing equally effective noise energy were selected such that their bands were either overlapping with the stereoscopic image spectrum or were two octaves distant. The first case resulted in binocular rivalry; however, in the second case stereoscopic fusion could be maintained in the presence of strong binocular rivalry owing to the masking noise. This finding indicates that spatial-frequency-tuned channels are not restricted to one-dimensional gratings but operate on two-dimensional patterns as well. Furthermore, these frequency channels are utilized in stereopsis and work independently from each other, since some of these channels can be in binocular rivalry while at the same time other channels yield fusion. The main binocular experiments are demonstrated.

Binocular fusion time in sleep-derived subjects.

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Melton ◽  
Marlene Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Fusion

Changes in neural complexity during the perception of 3D images using random dot stereograms

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian P Burgess ◽  
Joseph Rehman ◽  
John D Williams
Keyword(s):  
3D Images ◽  
Random Dot Stereograms

A Nonspecific Learning Effect in the Perception of Random-Dot Stereograms?

Perception ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Weinman ◽  
Vicky Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Learning Effect ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Naive Group ◽  
Random Dot Stereograms ◽  
Perception Time ◽  
The Mean

An experiment is reported the object of which was to check whether a small amount of nonspecific experience in perceiving random-dot stereograms could facilitate the perception of a previously unseen stereogram. The mean stereopsis perception time of a group of totally naive subjects was found to be significantly slower than that of a group who had previously been shown two different stereograms. Closer inspection of the data showed that this difference was primarily due to approximately one third of the naive group who were much slower than the ‘experienced’ group. It is therefore suggested that nonspecific experience provides most initial help for relatively slow perceivers, since many naive subjects can perform as well as those with prior experience of other stereograms.

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