Safety and Shopping: Peripherality and Shopper Anxiety in the City Centre

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Thomas ◽  
R D F Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Consumer Surveys ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The City ◽  
Parking Facilities ◽  
City Centres

The anxieties and fears of shoppers in the traditional shopping centres of Britain have emerged as an important aspect of the process of retail decline. Central and local government, and commercial interests in the retail sector, have responded to this challenge with the introduction of enhanced security and improved design and management strategies to combat the growing problem. However, policy initiatives have not been firmly based on the perceptions of shoppers. The authors seek to redress this imbalance by analysing consumer surveys undertaken in Cardiff and Swansea to examine the scale and nature of shopper anxieties. Although anxieties had not yet reached crisis levels, considerable causes for concern were identified which related to environmental deterioration, incidents of antisocial behaviour, and fears for the safety of shoppers' cars. Peripherality and isolation were particularly associated with the generation of fears in a variety of situations on the streets, in car parks, and in transport termini. Conversely, the advantages of a compact city centre, and improvements to the shopping environment and car parking facilities all served to reduce shoppers' anxieties and to maximise the attractions of city-centre shopping. The authors conclude that the investigation of strategies designed to maintain a safe shopping environment in British city centres warrants continued attention.

Marketplaces and central spaces: markets and the rise of competing spatial ideals in Danish city centres, c. 1850–1900

Urban History ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENS TOFTGAARD
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Open Air Markets ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

ABSTRACTThe traditional open-air markets on the central squares of Danish cities were thriving in the middle of the nineteenth century. However, the markets were soon challenged by new urban ideals of the city centre as a place for shopping and capital investment. At the same time, urban reformers made efforts to improve the market trade to meet modern standards. The rivalling interests struggled over the question of modernization or relocation of the central square markets and ultimately the definition and use of the central urban space. In particular, this article will examine the struggle over the construction of a fish market hall in Odense as it serves to reveal the different conceptions of the central urban space that affected the fate of the street markets.

scholarly journals Sense of Safety and Planning and Design Policies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangajeewa Ratnayake ◽  
Naduni Wickramaarachchi ◽  
Julie Rudner
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Building Design ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

Planning, development and design policies influence sense of safety of people touse the City centre or Central Business District (CBD) and therefore city centres can becomeactive and vibrant during the day and night. This paper reviews past and present planningpolicies relevant for feeling of personal safety in the context of housing, retail, amenities,street infrastructure, building design and transportation aspects. The past development trendsshow that insignificant attention has been paid to people's sense of safety when using publicspaces, particularly at night, a factor identified important in creating attractive city centressince 1960s. Local plans primarily refer to safety in relation to roads, accessibility andworkability. Local policies also show the dominance of CCTV since the 1990s has becomeubiquitous, but changes to sense of safety in urban spaces now may actually be a betterreflection of planning and design decisions made over the past 20 years.

scholarly journals Mobilność w centrum średniego miasta w perspektywie możliwości wprowadzenia strefy płatnego parkowania – studium przypadku Tczewa

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Michał Adam Kwiatkowski ◽  
Grzegorz Pawlikowski
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

Polityka parkingowa należy do ważniejszych wyzwań w rozwoju współczesnych miast w zakresie transportu. Jednym z narzędzi kształtowania tego zjawiska w miastach jest wprowadzanie stref płatnego parkowania, które mają zwiększać rotację pojazdów oraz zachęcać do korzystania z innych środków transportu w codziennych dojazdach. Jest to szczególnie ważne w kontekście centrów miast. Wdrażanie stref płatnego parkowania stanowi często stosowane rozwiązanie w dużych miastach, rzadziej w średnich i małych. Celem tego badania jest analiza sposobu docierania mieszkańców średniego miasta – Tczewa – do centrum (Starego Miasta) oraz ocena możliwości wprowadzenia strefy płatnego parkowania. Badanie przeprowadzono metodą ankiety, posługując się techniką PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interview), w którym zebrano 375 odpowiedzi. W przeprowadzonym badaniu ankietowym wykazano, że istnieje duży poziom akceptacji społecznej dla możliwości wprowadzenia strefy płatnego parkowania w analizowanym przypadku. W badaniu wykazano ponadto, że znaczną większość użytkowników centrum stanowią osoby docierające tam pieszo. Potwierdzono także, że mieszkańcy są skłonni nie tylko zapłacić za parkowanie w centrum miasta, ale także przejść pewien dystans pieszo od miejsca postojowego do celu podróży. Niniejsza praca może mieć charakter aplikacyjny i stanowić wskazówkę dla innych miast o podobnej wielkości i strukturze, które zamierzają wprowadzić strefę płatnego parkowania lub innego rodzaju ograniczenia ruchu samochodów. Mobility in the centre of a medium-sized city in the perspective of the prospective introduction of a paid parking zone – a case study of Tczew Parking policy is one of the more important challenges in the development of modern cities in terms of transport. One of the tools for shaping this policy in cities is the introduction of paid parking zones, which are intended to increase vehicle turnover and encourage the use of other means of transport for everyday commuting. This is particularly important in the context of city centres. The introduction of paid parking zones is a common solution in large cities, less so in medium-sized and small ones. The aim of this study is to analyse how residents of a medium-sized city – Tczew – travel to the centre (Old Town) and to assess the possibility of introducing a paid parking zone. The study was carried out through a survey, using the PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interview) technique, with 375 responses collected. It showed that there is a high level of public acceptance for the possible introduction of a paid parking zone in the case under consideration. The study also yielded that the vast majority of users of the centre are people who get there on foot. It was also confirmed that residents are not only willing to pay for parking in the city centre, but also to walk a certain distance from their parking space to their destination. This work can be applied as a guide to other cities of similar size and structure that intend to introduce paid parking zones or other types of car traffic restrictions.

scholarly journals Case Study of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake: The Disaster Response Capability of Kumamoto Compact City, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Hang Liu ◽  
Riken Homma ◽  
Kazuhisa Iki
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Compact City ◽  
The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Disaster

Compact cities are widely used in urban planning in Japan due to the following benefits: efficient land use, reduction in the transport network and reliance on mass transport, low emissions, etc. However, Compactness often means high density. In disaster-resistant Japan, whether the compact city form can effectively respond to disasters is needed further discussion. In the Kumamoto City Master Plan, 15 local hubs have been planned to promote the development of the compact city. In this study, 15 local hubs are selected as the research objects. Moreover, the entropy method was chosen to evaluate the disaster prevention capability. The results show that disaster risk is high and the disaster prevention ability is weak in the central urban area, which is likely to cause greater losses when the disaster occurs. The local hubs that are far away from the city centre also have the weak disaster prevention due to the lack of disaster prevention facilities, while some hub areas are more capable of disaster prevention despite the high risk of disasters. Therefore, in the post-disaster reconstruction plan, it is recommended making a focus on the low-risk and disaster resistant areas. At the same time, the cancellation of hubs with high risk and weak disaster prevention needs to be further discussed.

scholarly journals Specificities of suburbanisation in post-socialist context: New housing construction in metropolitan region of Prague 1997-2005

Geografie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-356
Author(s):  
Luděk Sýkora ◽  
Darina Posová
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City

The article analyses residential suburbanisation in Prague metropolitan region using data about new housing construction in the period of 1997-2005. Findings show that despite suburban areas account for large share of newly constructed housing, its majority is built within the compact city. Large share of new housing construction in the compact city indicates the vitality and strength of urban alternatives to suburbanisation. In addition, the paper illustrates the strengthening position of Prague metropolitan area within the country and discuses characteristics of new housing construction in the relation to the increasing distance from the city centre.

scholarly journals Urban Communication: The Uses of Public Space in Riga Historical City Centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Uģis Bratuškins ◽  
Sandra Treija
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
City Centre ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

Abstract Expansion of cities and their impact areas extend also the semantic boundaries of urban ecentres, while public open space in the city centres maintain attractivity, especially within the medieval cores. The diverse functional processes that satisfy the needs of all users of urban space in general, on the one hand carry the function of circulation or communication, and on the other – relaxation or recreation. Elements of spatial organization and environment planning essential for the realization of each function differ, and depending on which of the functional processes prevails in the particular place, open space acquires either priority of communication or of recreation. The paper focuses on the interests and needs of main groups of users of the historical city centre – Riga Old Town, states availability of adequate space, as well as sets the criteria of high-quality public open space.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Briggs ◽  
Rubén Monge Gamero
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

In the time since our fieldwork completed in November 2016, we are still reminded everyday about the people we met in Valdemingómez because we exposed ourselves to a brazen reality which is far from public consciousness and yet close to political inertia. This is especially the case when we walk around the glory and city-centre paradise in Madrid’ city centre, knowing that only a few kilometres south, in some forgotten corner of the city, there exists an unimaginable poverty which has turned socially septic. We got to know the people there rather than judge them for their disheveled appearance, brutal attitudes towards damaging drug use and absolute destitution. Here we acknowledge for a time that Valdemingómez had us hooked; the peoples’ circumstances, their stories, and the sight of it all. And in doing so, we have unlocked a consciousness about how the world works which we cannot seal for we are able to recognize where else similar destructive processes are taking place which ravage the lives of the most vulnerable in society. For we see the below the opulence and pizzazz of the commercial city centres, we see its oppressive undercurrents in action on a daily basis; in the city’s shadows, where rampant inequality lurks and the conventional fractures.

scholarly journals Medium-sized cities in decline in France: between urban shrinkage and city centre devitalisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Julie Chouraqui
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Decline ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
High Street ◽  
The One ◽  
Vacant Housing ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

Since the end of the 2000s, the question of the decline of French medium-sized towns has become central within the scientific and public debate. More specifically, two processes are underlined: the devitalisation of city centres on the one hand, and urban shrinkage on the other hand. The devitalisation of city centres has been studied in several institutional reports. It is characterised by high rates of vacant housing and high street shops vacancies, a fall in visits to the city centre, an impoverishment of residents and population losses. In geography, urban studies and planning, the dynamics of urban shrinkage have been discussed since the 1990s. They comprise a multidimensional urban crisis, triggered and characterised by job and population losses. This paper attempts to explore the relationships between these processes by underlining their similarities and differences with data analysis and multivariate clustering methods. By comparing medium-sized cities with small and large cities, the specificities of urban decline in medium-sized cities are explored. It appears that cities are not homogeneously affected by urban decline. More particularly, a large number of weakened medium-sized cities display a distinctive feature: markers of decline are concentrated in their urban core.

scholarly journals Concept of logistics services for the city centre of Krakow using an integrated tram and bicycle system

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 850-854
Author(s):  
Jan Aleksandrowicz ◽  
Jakub Starczewski
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

The article discusses the topic of hybrid system of supplies to historical city centres with the use of ecological means of transport: bicycles and trams. The paper presents the current problems of urban logistics in historical urban areas on the example of the city of Krakow. On the basis of previous works, a concept of servicing the strict city centre of Krakow with the use of an integrated tram and bicycle system was developed and presented in the article. The work was summarized with conclusions and a plan of further research.

scholarly journals Cooperative Model for Idle Traffic Optimisation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Baričević ◽  
Jasmin Ćelić ◽  
Siniša Vilke
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Cooperative Approach ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
The City ◽  
Advanced Model ◽  
City Centres

The growth trend and the trend of population migration into city centres, as well as the continuous increase in the number of motor vehicles cause traffic jams and congestions in most major cities in the world. In order to eliminate the problems caused by the circling in search of available parking space, i.e. by the congestion, different methods and approaches are implemented. First of all, these are the appropriate strategies and policies that are made in order to regulate the existing situation and to demotivate the arrival of part of the population in the city centre, which does not represent a necessity. Another way to eliminate the above problem, which is the most emphasized in this paper, is represented by the intelligent parking systems. Intelligent parking systems are used to guide the driver to the available parking space and to provide information on the characteristics of it. Normally, they are also used for parking reservation and payment, but in most cases they were related exclusively to closed parking lots and garages. With the technological progress and the development of intelligent sensors it has become possible even to control street parking spaces, which is especially emphasized in this paper. Also, an advanced model of guidance to available parking spaces using a cooperative approach is proposed. The simulation model presenting the advantages of this system compared to the classical approach, which are also highlighted in this paper, is developed.

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