General Revenue Sharing

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-277
Author(s):  
C F Adams
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Local Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Grant Programs ◽  
General Revenue ◽  
Fiscal Disparities ◽  
Intergovernmental Grant

Enacted in 1972, general revenue sharing added a new dimension to the intergovernmental grant system in the United States of America. Unlike traditional categorical grant programs predicated on an externality or some other efficiency-based rationale, revenue sharing addressed issues of vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances as well as political concerns about the growing influence of the federal bureaucracy in the fiscal affairs of states and localities. Scheduled to terminate at the end of fiscal year 1986, revenue sharing nevertheless remains a viable concept in reckoning the makeup of a well-ordered intergovernmental grant system. It is with an eye toward future deliberations about such a program that this paper is written. The findings from six years of research at the Brookings Institution are drawn upon, and a review is given of the lessons learned about the role of such a program and how the design of any future revenue sharing program might be enhanced, with specific emphasis on greater equity and more effective integration of federal and state roles in addressing the causes and consequences of local-area fiscal disparities.

Punishment and Citizenship

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Light ◽  
Jason P. Robey
Keyword(s):  
Migration Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Essential Form ◽  
Sociology Of Punishment ◽  
New Research

Amid global trends of increasingly mobile populations, scholars have debated whether national citizenship status remains relevant for international migrants. Some argue that international courts have practically eliminated the differences between citizens and noncitizens through equal protection under the law, while others maintain that national membership remains an essential form of stratification in modern societies. Recent trends in immigration enforcement seem to emphasize the continuing salience of citizenship, as criminal sanctions have become increasingly commonplace in border control. With the increasing importation of criminal justice strategies into migration policy, Western societies have witnessed dramatic increases in the number of noncitizens adjudicated and punished in recent decades, a trend that has gained considerable steam in the United States under the Trump administration. For example, between the president’s inauguration (January 20, 2018) and the end of the fiscal year (September 30, 2018), the number of immigration arrests increased by 42% over the same time period in 2016. Yet despite these debates and trends, the role of citizenship status has received only limited consideration within the field of criminology. In the same vein, the role of punishment has been underappreciated in the field of citizenship studies. Against this backdrop, theoretical insights from the sociology of punishment are connected with three central aspects of citizenship: (1) state sovereignty, (2) cultural understanding, and (3) group membership. Drawing these parallels to theoretical and methodological traditions within criminology will set new research paths for future scholars to understand criminology in the context of a globalizing world increasingly characterized by international migration.

Propagated Fish in Resource Management

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
Aquaculture Development ◽  
Selection Of

<em>Abstract.</em>—Aquaculture development in the United States continues its expansion from freshwater into coastal and nearshore oceanic environments. As it does so, the selection of species to culture and the location of culture operations are generating much debate about the role of government entities, especially agriculture and conservation agencies, in the management of this development. Many in the industry argue that regulations are already too onerous, subsidies are too few, governmental encouragement is too little, and that the best way to correct these problems is to place all control over the development in governmental agriculture agencies. Others argue that the potential environmental impacts of aquaculture could be so adverse, or at least so uncertain that conservation agencies need to impose even more controls. This debate occurred in Texas in the 1980s as private aquaculture sought to increase the culture of nonindigenous species, in both private and public waters. The potential effects on native species in public waters led to legislation that attempted to balance economic development with environmental safeguards. However, only Texas was affected by the statute and subsequent regulations. Since the potential environmental affects of aquaculture development will undoubtedly cross local, state, and tribal boundaries, it is now felt by many that the regulation of the species cultured and sites selected should be a federal issue. The same questions about who within the federal government should have responsibility for managing aquaculture development require resolution. This paper will examine lessons learned from the Texas experience for possible application in the federal arena.

Unequal Coverage

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Law

Unequal Coverage documents the everyday experiences of individuals across the United States as they attempted to access coverage and care in the five years following the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The contributors to this edited volume employ research methods rooted in ethnography and focused on how reform was actually experienced on the ground by frontline health care workers, the newly insured, and those who remained uninsured. The book argues that while the ACA did extend social protections to some groups previously excluded from health insurance, its design- and controversy-plagued implementation also created new forms of exclusion. Access to affordable coverage options were highly segmented by state of residence, income, and citizenship status. To explain and contextualize the stratified experiences of health reform that the book’s authors documented across nine states, Unequal Coverage explores interrelated themes from medical anthropology: stratified citizenship, risk, and responsibility. In the years since its enactment, some 20 million uninsured Americans gained access to insurance coverage. And yet, the law remained unpopular and politically vulnerable. This book illustrates lessons learned from the contentious implementation of the ACA and reveals how the law became a flashpoint for battles over inequality, fairness, and the role of government.

Decentralization and Fiscal Disparities in the United States of America

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Dommel
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fiscal Disparities ◽  
Fiscal Conditions ◽  
The Usa

This paper examines the increasingly important role of the states in the US federal system and the implications of that growing role for the allocation of intergovernmental transfers. The author argues that as intergovernmental funds become more scarce, as is occurring in the USA, the distribution of these funds needs to take more account of the relative fiscal conditions of the states and to direct a larger share of funds to the fiscally weaker states. Various approaches to altering allocation systems are presented and a specific method for adjusting for fiscal disparities among the states is offered.

Uncle George’s illustrated map

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
Nigel Holmes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Information Graphics ◽  
Look Back

Abstract A personal look back at a 60-year career making information graphics for newspapers, magazines and corporations in England and the United States, and some of the lessons learned. The essential role of mentors in encouraging a bold graphic approach. How humor can help readers understand difficult concepts. The importance of including context when presenting data.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Cassaniti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World

The final chapter returns the analysis back to mindfulness in the United States, and the lessons learned about how mindfulness is understood differently in Thailand, Burma and Sri Lanka compared with its popular meanings in the United States. Drawing from the experiences of over 100 informants in the Pacific Northwest, the concluding chapter shows how the TAPES of temporality, affect, power, ethics, and selfhood are articulated in different ways by people in the different regions. The chapter includes a concluding discussion of how authoritative discourses about mindfulness move through space and time, and how these lessons may inform larger questions about the role of culture in mental processes around the world.

Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Implications for Pharmaceutical Graduate Education and Research

2022 ◽  
pp. 324-345
Author(s):  
Alok Bhushan ◽  
Kimberly B. Garza ◽  
Omathanu Perumal ◽  
Sudip K. Das ◽  
David J. Feola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Education ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Research Mentoring ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in the way we teach at all levels of education globally. This chapter specifically focusses on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on MS and PhD programs in pharmaceutical sciences in schools/colleges of pharmacy in the United States. Potential expectations to bring the pandemic in control by rolling out the vaccine gives us hope, but there is an unmet need of medicines to treat patients affected by the disease. The impact of the pandemic on pharmaceutical sciences education has been on the pedagogy of teaching, research, mentoring, writing, and enrollment. This has also affected the progression of students in their programs as well as their stress levels and well-being. The role of administrators and accreditation agencies is critical in supporting graduate education by providing leadership and directions for the successful outcomes of these programs. Challenges and opportunities for these graduate programs are discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Identifying Opportunities for Workflow Automation in Health Care: Lessons Learned from Other Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 686-697
Author(s):  
Teresa Zayas-Cabán ◽  
Saira Naim Haque ◽  
Nicole Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Workflow Automation ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Effort ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Ongoing Monitoring

Abstract Background Workflow automation, which involves identifying sequences of tasks that can be streamlined by using technology and modern computing, offers opportunities to address the United States health care system's challenges with quality, safety, and efficiency. Other industries have successfully implemented workflow automation to address these concerns, and lessons learned from those experiences may inform its application in health care. Objective Our aim was to identify and synthesize (1) current approaches in workflow automation across industries, (2) opportunities for applying workflow automation in health care, and (3) considerations for designing and implementing workflow automation that may be relevant to health care. Methods We conducted a targeted review of peer-reviewed and gray literature on automation approaches. We identified relevant databases and terms to conduct the searches across sources and reviewed abstracts to identify 123 relevant articles across 11 disciplines. Results Workflow automation is used across industries such as finance, manufacturing, and travel to increase efficiency, productivity, and quality. We found automation ranged from low to full automation, and this variation was associated with task and technology characteristics. The level of automation is linked to how well a task is defined, whether a task is repetitive, the degree of human intervention and decision-making required, and the sophistication of available technology. We found that identifying automation goals and assessing whether those goals were reached was critical, and ongoing monitoring and improvement would help to ensure successful automation. Conclusion Use of workflow automation in other industries can inform automating health care workflows by considering the critical role of people, process, and technology in design, testing, implementation, use, and ongoing monitoring of automated workflows. Insights gained from other industries will inform an interdisciplinary effort by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology to outline priorities for advancing health care workflow automation.

The Journey of Serving as an Army Reserve Social Worker

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-135
Author(s):  
Vaughn A. DeCoster
Keyword(s):  
Social Worker ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Army Reserve ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
Emotional Strain ◽  
The U.S

In this chapter, the author describes how and why he joined the U.S. Army and became a social worker officer, commanding a combat stress team in Baghdad during the surge of 2006–2007. He explains the lessons learned from a combat deployment, providing mental health services to military and civilian personnel in theater, and working with veterans adjusting to life back home in the United States. The author also discusses the emotional strain and costs of doing trauma work—that selfless service is fine but not very realistic in an intense environment; that establishing rapport quickly under stressful conditions is important; and that some wars are unwinnable or not worth the human costs. Finally, the author describes postcombat readjustment and the role of community resources like the Department of Veteran’s Affairs Vet Center.

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