Measuring the Public Costs and Benefits of Brownfield versus Greenfield Development in the Greater Toronto Area

10.1068/b1283 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A De Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Brownfield Redevelopment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Public Costs ◽  
Shed Light

This paper summarizes the findings of a study comparing the environmental, social, and economic costs and benefits accruing to the public from redeveloping brownfields versus developing greenfields for both industrial and residential uses. With data taken from relevant projects in Toronto, Canada, four prototypical development scenarios were constructed for the purpose of a cost — benefit comparison. A quantitative model was then used to calculate the various public costs and benefits associated with the different scenarios. The findings shed light on the true costs and benefits involved in development and redevelopment projects, helping policymakers better assess the feasibility of brownfield redevelopment vis-à-vis greenfield development.

The effects, costs and benefits of Salmonella control in the Danish table-egg sector

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KORSGAARD ◽  
M. MADSEN ◽  
N. C. FELD ◽  
J. MYGIND ◽  
T. HALD
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Public Costs ◽  
And Control ◽  
Salmonella Control

SUMMARYA public plan for eradicating Salmonella in Danish table-egg production was implemented in 1996. During 2002, the poultry industry took over the responsibility of the programme. The proportion of infected layer flocks was reduced from 13·4% in 1998 to 0·4% in 2006. The public-health impact of the plan has been quite marked. In 1997, 55–65% of the 5015 cases of human salmonellosis were estimated to be associated with eggs. In 2006, these figures were reduced to 1658 and 5–7%, respectively. Based on an assessment of the number of human cases attributable to table eggs, we used probabilistic modelling to estimate the avoided societal costs (health care and lost labour), and compared these with the public costs of control. The probable avoided societal costs during 1998–2002 were estimated to be 23·3 million euros (95% CI 16·3–34·9), and the results showed a continuous decreasing cost–benefit ratio reaching well below 1 in 2002. Further reductions in the primary production based on effective surveillance and control are required to ensure continued success.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of psychological therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Layard ◽  
D. Clark ◽  
M. Knapp ◽  
G. Mayraz
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Psychological Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Nice Guidelines ◽  
The Cost

At present six million people are suffering from clinical depression or anxiety disorders, but only a quarter of them are in treatment. NICE Guidelines prescribe the offer of evidence-based psychological therapy, but they are not implemented, due to lack of therapists within the NHS. We therefore estimate the economic costs and benefits of providing psychological therapy to people not now in treatment. The cost to the governement would be fully covered by the savings in incapacity benefits and extra taxes that result from more people being able to work. On our estimates, the cost could be recovered within two years - and certainly within five. And the benefits to the whole economy are greater still. This is not because we expect the extra therapy to be targeted especially at people with problems about work. It is because the cost of the therapy is so small (£750 in total), the recovery rates are so high (50 per cent) and the cost of a person on IB is so large (£750 per month). These findings strongly reinforce the humanitatian case for implementing the NICE Guidelines. Current proposals for doing this would require some 8,000 extra psychological therapists withing the NHS over the six years.

Application of Cost-Benefit Analysis to the Health Services and the Special Case of Technologic Innovation

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert E. Klarman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis

As an economic technique for evaluating specific projects or programs in the public sector, cost-benefit analysis is relatively new. In this paper, the theory and practice of cost-benefit analysis in general are discussed as a basis for considering its role in assessing technology in the health services. A review of the literature on applications of cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness analysis to the health field reveals that few complete studies have been conducted to date. It is suggested that an adequate analysis requires an empirical approach in which costs and benefits are juxtaposed, and in which presumed benefits reflect an ascertained relationship between inputs and outputs. A threefold classification of benefits is commonly employed: direct, indirect, and intangible. Since the latter pose difficulty, cost-effectiveness analysis is often the more practicable procedure. After summarizing some problems in predicting how technologic developments are likely to affect costs and benefits, the method of cost-benefit analysis is applied to developments of health systems technology in two settings-the hospital and automated multiphasic screening. These examples underscore the importance of solving problems of measurement and valuation of a project or program in its concrete setting. Finally, barriers to the performance of sound and systematic analysis are listed, and the political context of decision making in the public sector is emphasized.

scholarly journals The Nature of the Original "Firm": A Coasean Cost-Benefit Analysis of Legalizing Prostitution

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Malia Dalesandry
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Religious Perspective ◽  
Legal Perspective

Though there have been many studies of prostitution from the legal perspective, the feminist perspective, the societal perspective, and the moral, ethical, and religious perspective, the current breadth of literature does not include a cost-benefit analysis from which to examine its economic effects. This paper attempts a comprehensive analysis of legalizing prostitution while noting deficiencies in data and recognizing variations when interpreting existing data. The most salient monetary costs and benefits are discussed and calculated, and many others are included for the sake of a more developed examination. After a sensitivity analysis and a brief discussion of how Coase’s theorem may be utilized to determine economic efficiency, the conclusion and final recommendation is that, because economic benefits vastly outweigh economic costs, all states could benefit economically from legalizing prostitution.

scholarly journals Moral Uncertainty Over Policy Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Mintz-Woo
Keyword(s):  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Uncertainty ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
Special Case

When performing intertemporal cost-benefit analyses of policies, both in terms of climate change and other long-term problems, the discounting problem becomes critical. The question is how to weight intertemporal costs and benefits to generate present value equivalents. This thesis argues that those best placed to answer the discounting problem are domain experts, not moral philosophers or the public at large. It does this by arguing that the discounting problem is a special case of an interesting class of problems, those which are both what I call morally complex and quantitative.

scholarly journals Analysis and Modeling of Corruption among Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 262-311
Author(s):  
Zhou Xiaohu ◽  
Mohammad Heydari ◽  
Kin Keung Lai ◽  
Zheng Yuxi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Rational Player ◽  
The Cost

Bribery may eradicate social welfare. In the current research, we inspected the mechanism of bribery behaviour based on the (NASH Theory or Non-Cooperative static game theory) which stated by John Forbes Nash Jr. in 1978. With the general hypothesis of “Rational Player,” two bimatrix game models are settled to evaluate the briber and the bribee strategy choice. After discussing the cost-benefit of the (Participants or players), some useful conclusions and dissolve analysis are drawn out. The current study provides three novel experiments that put both metaphors to the test. Overall, a little quantitative study has investigated sequential unethical behaviour. Insomuch prior studies focus on third-party observers’ acceptance of continuous vs. abrupt immoral acts, or the role of self-control and ethical disengagement in the slippery slope of lesser cheating acts empirical investigation contrasting ongoing to the abrupt occurrence of corruption is missing altogether. Recent advances in empirical corruption studies methodology allow the first examination of these different procedures while preserving the economic costs and benefits constant. In the current study, we used a recently improved corruption game by [Köbis, van Prooijen, Righetti, Van Lange, 2015].

An Economic Evaluation of Public and Organized Wildfire Detection in Wisconsin

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Steele ◽  
JC Stier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Damage Prevention

Early detection is the first step toward effective wildfire control. This study used cost-benefit techniques to evaluate the economic efficiency of fixed lookouts for wildfire detection in Wisconsin. Costs and benefits were assessed relative to a baseline scenario of public detection alone. Analyses revealed that fixed lookouts were economically efficient in aggregate; however, their performance varied considerably among administrative areas and among lookouts. Twenty-five percent of the fixed lookouts detected the majority of wildfires and accounted for virtually all suppression cost savings and property damage prevention. Additional analyses showed that fixed lookouts and the public saw wildfire that were significantly different. Specifically, the public tended to detect wildfires in developed areas at a relatively early stage, whereas fixed lookouts spotted fires in more remote, sparsely populated regions. These findings suggest that opportunities exist to enhance wildfire detection efficiency and cost effectiveness by selectively adjusting lookout use.

Prelievo contributivo e fiscale e spesa pensionistica nella finanza pubblica in Italia*

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Sergio Gambale
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
The Public ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fiscal Revenue ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The reform of the pension system under discussion now in Italy has to tackle equity problems as well the slow down of public expenditure and the size and structure of revenues. Economic and demographic trends shed light on an increasing disequilibrium in the social budget.The points discussed in this paper as to the expenditure side relate to the necessity for a closer linkage between individual costs and benefits. On the revenue side, a part from a reference to tax effort for different categories of tax-payers, the social contribution versus fiscal revenue schemes are looked at. Particularly, a suggestion is made with reference to the different compliance degree and to the need for a better use of data available within the public sector to fight evasion.

Newspaper Economic Coverage of Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards

1998 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Coulson ◽  
Stephen Lacy
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Motor Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Clean Air

This study analyzed six large newspapers' economic coverage of federal regulations intended to reduce motor vehicle emissions under the Clean Air Act. Examination of this topic involved evaluating costs and benefits of government controls. All but one paper explicitly referred to formal cost-benefit analysis as a method to evaluate the standards. They all included specific economic costs and benefits associated with regulating motor vehicle emissions. However, the reporting on costs was far more extensive than on benefits in five of the papers.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

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