Urban Expansion and Transportation: The Impact of Urban form on Commuting Patterns on the City Fringe of Beijing

10.1068/a4350 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2467-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengjun Zhao ◽  
Bin Lü ◽  
Gert de Roo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Sociocultural Influences on an Important Example of Iranian Urban Form

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Habib ◽  
Ibrahim Numan ◽  
Hifsiye Pulhan
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Sociocultural Influences ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In casting a new look at city; this study interprets the urban form in respect of the role played by human perception of space. The main aim of this research at a macro level is to attain a strong theorical basis through a multi-dimensional approach to the city. The method of analyzing and carrying out a critique of it at an applied level will clarify the impact, which cultural factors have in the formation of urban form. This preliminary recognition and idealism is based on a hermeneutic and deductive method that is particular to the intellectual sciences In the process of devising theories, studying the urban planning texts related to the subject of study and the conclusion from the field study which is carried out in the Isfahan Naghshe Jahan square in the Safavy period played a key role in the research in addition to the goals and questions.

scholarly journals Цифровізація розвитку міст: Urban Atlas на основі відкритих даних для міст України

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Андрій Юрійович Шелестов ◽  
Алла Миколаївна Лавренюк ◽  
Богдан Ялкапович Яйлимов ◽  
Ганна Олексіївна Яйлимова
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Project Smart ◽  
Unified Algorithm ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Ukraine is an associate member of the European Union and in the coming years it is expected that all data and services already used by EU countries will be available to Ukraine. The lack of quality national products for assessing the development and planning of urban growth makes it impossible to assess the impact of cities on the environment and human health. The first steps to create such products for the cities of Ukraine were initiated within the European project "SMart URBan Solutions for air quality, disasters and city growth" (SMURBS), in which specialists from the Space Research Institute of NAS of Ukraine and SSA of Ukraine received the first city atlas for the Kyiv city, which was similar to the European one. However, the resulting product had significantly fewer types of land use than the European one and therefore the question of improving the developed technology arose. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the existing technology of European service Urban Atlas creation and its improvement by developing a unified algorithm for building an urban atlas using all available open geospatial and satellite data for the cities of Ukraine. The development of such technology is based on our own technology for classifying satellite time series with a spatial resolution of 10 meters to build a land cover map, as well as an algorithm for unifying open geospatial data to urban atlases Copernicus. The technology of construction of the city atlas developed in work, based on the intellectual model of classification of a land cover, can be extended to other cities of Ukraine. In the future, the creation of such a product on the basis of data for different years will allow to assess changes in land use and make a forecast for further urban expansion. The proposed information technology for constructing the city atlas will be useful for assessing the dynamics of urban growth and closely related social and economic indicators of their development. Based on it, it is also possible to assess indicators of achieving the goals of sustainable development, such as 11.3.1 "The ratio of land consumption and population growth." The study shows that the city atlas obtained for the Kyiv city has a high level of quality and has comparable land use classes with European products. It indicates that such a product can be used in government decision-making services.

Geographical Analysis of Entertainment Services in the City of Daratu Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-644
Author(s):  
Hoshmand Jawhar Abbas ◽  
Sanger Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Fatimah Qader Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Recreational Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

 The impact of the recreational services that exist within the group of services that are practiced within the geographical framework of the city, is not limited to the lives of its residents and their activities, but also on the residents of the surrounding areas. Recreational services contribute to providing diversified investment opportunities for leisure time, so that they are appropriate and beneficial to the health, comfort and well-being of the population at the lowest possible cost, without the goal of their establishment being financial gain, as they lead to the creation of mental, psychological and physical balance on the level of one individual and on the basis of society in a way. In general, recreational services are an integral part of urban activities in most cities of the world. Rather, the concept of modernity and urbanization in contemporary urban centers is measured to some extent by the availability of recreational facilities for their inhabitants, and the study also showed the low level of efficiency of recreational services in terms of their spatial distribution and numbers. As it is concentrated in some neighborhoods of the city, while it is less or absent in other neighborhoods, as well as not taking into account the planning standards in its distribution and during its construction in line with the population increase, urban expansion and the residents' needs for these services. The success in providing these different types of recreational facilities depends on how they are distributed geographically. The balanced distribution of these activities determines the success of the adopted plans in achieving the required goals and policies.

scholarly journals The transformations of the peripheral urban form in Brazilian listed heritage coastal cities and their morphological typologies: classification and concepts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Fortunato Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Forest Law ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the results of my PhD research in architecture and urbanism, which analyzes an urban form and its use as a territorial planning tool. The object of study was the protected historic cities listed on the Brazilian coast, which have restrictions on building construction. These cities are influenced by urban flows, the impact of the metropolitan dynamics, and contemporary transformations. The research discusses the rigidity of the building legislation in the urban perimeter of these cities, while urban transformations and informal growth take place in peripheral areas in varied forms, types and arrangements. It aims to identify, classify and conceptualize the morphological types that appear as urban occurrences and consolidate as dispersed informal nuclei. Such urban occurrences are due to the building restrictions, the lack of territorial planning, and the contemporary globalized model of life, which shapes social inequality in urban expansion. The research methodology consisted of a perimeter survey of the 27 heritage listed cities on the Brazilian coast, according to the parameters obtained by Brazilian Forest Law (12.651/2012) and Brazilian Urban Land Parceling Law (Law 6.766/1979). Also, imagery collected by Google Earth was used to identify urban formations that deviate from legislation, similarly to the object of study. As a result, 16 types of urban forms were classified, which consolidated as nuclei of dispersed formations and were linked to an informal urban structural network. Also, territorial planning guidelines were designed, using the analysis of urban forms as a tool for urban transformation.

scholarly journals Buenos Aires: ciudad metropolitana y gobernabilidad / Buenos Aires: Metropolitan City and Governance

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pírez
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Political Complexity ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

El presente artículo se refiere a la ausencia de respuesta institucional en Argentina, como consecuencia de la falta de reconocimiento de la ciudad como objeto real de gobierno. Se entiende que lo metropolitano es el resultado de la intersección de una dimensión urbano territorial (crecimiento y expansión de la ciudad) y otra político territorial (la organización territorial del estado).La configuración metropolitana, desde que se iniciaron los procesos de expansión propios de la industrialización sustitutiva de importaciones hasta que se resintió el impacto de la reestructuración y la globalización, ha transformado el territorio acentuando las diferencias y las desigualdades, las fragmentaciones y las zonas excluyentes que pese a todo se complementan.Esas desigualdades se concretan en tres contradicciones fundamentales; la primera entre el ámbito territorial de los problemas y el relativo al gobierno y a la gestión local; la segunda entre el ámbito territorial de las necesidades y el de la representación política; y la última entre el ámbito territorial de las necesidades y el de los recursos. Tales contradicciones en tanto no son resueltas tienden a configurar desigualdades que se polarizan territorialmente.La cuestión metropolitana se convierte en un asunto de gobernabilidad como falta de orientación o conducción gubernamental, que deriva en problemas metropolitanos como la “ilimitada” expansión urbana, las desiguales condiciones de la calidad de vida urbana y de la seguridad ciudadana, la distribución no equitativa de los recursos financieros, la mala gestión de los servicios, las dificultades para la gestión ambiental, y la falta de un ejercicio democrático que legitime las decisiones que afectan el ámbito metropolitano.Frente a esos problemas existen alternativas institucionales que, desde la fragmentación hasta la consolidación, intentan una gobernabilidad metropolitana. No todas esas formas tienen conexión con las condiciones reales del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Su complejidad político institucional y su peso (demográfico, económico y político) en el contexto nacional, relativizan una posible solución hacia la consolidación. Frente a esas dificultades, procesos de centralización estatal y de transferencia de decisiones al mercado caracterizan la gestión urbana en esa Área Metropolitana, fortaleciendo sus contradicciones y dificultando la gobernabilidad. AbstractThis article concerns to the lack of institutional response in Argentina, as a result of the failure to recognize the city as the real object of government. Metropolitan affairs are understood to be the result of the intersection between a territorial urban dimension (growth and expansion of the city) and a territorial, political dimension (the territorial organization of the state).From the time when the processes of expansion characteristic of import- substitution industrialization began until the impact of restructuring and globalization was felt, the metropolitan configuration has transformed the territory by accentuating differences and inequalities, fragmentation and the exclusive zones which, nonetheless complement each other. These inequalities are expressed in three fundamental contradictions: the first between the territorial sphere of problems and that of government and local management, the second between the territorial sphere of needs and that of political representation and the last between the territorial sphere of needs and that of resources. As long as these contradictions remain unresolved, they tend to configure inequalities that become territorially polarized.The metropolitan issue becomes a matter of governance in the sense of the lack of government orientation or management, which leads to metropolitan problems such as “unlimited” urban expansion, unequal conditions as regards the quality of urban life and safety on the streets, the unfair distribution of financial resources, poor administra­tion of services, difficulties in environmental management and the lack of a democratic exercise legitimizing the decisions that affect the metropolitan environment.In order to deal with these problems, institutional alternatives have been created which, from fragmentation to consolidation, attempt metropolitan governance. Not all these methods, however, are linked to the actual conditions of the Buenos Aires Metro­politan Zone. Its institutional and political complexity and its demographic, economic and political importance within the national context limit possible solutions to consolida­tion. Given these difficulties, processes of state centralization and the transferal of decisions to the market characterize urban management in this metropolitan area, reinforcing its contradictions and hindering governance.

Analysis of urban thermal environments based on the perception and simulation of the microclimate in the historic city of Tlemcen

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Ghaffour ◽  
Mohammed Nabil Ouissi ◽  
Marc André Velay Dabat
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

PurposeThe preservation of historic urban centres prevents anarchic development of the city and ensures a harmonious evolution of the urban form. It also improves the quality of life in the context of climate and environmental change. Morphological and geometric indicators of the urban fabric are key parameters in the formation of external microclimates. They provide a positive effect on the thermal comfort of pedestrians. The objective of this work is to study the impact of the site morphology on the external microclimate and to understand the relationship between the subjective perception and the objective quantification of the thermal environment. The result of this study has allowed us to propose solutions for the creation of a microclimate favourable to the appropriation of outdoor spaces. The authors finally propose guidelines for the design and rehabilitation of the historic site based on the establishment of links between the site's configuration, microclimatic conditions and users' perceptions.Design/methodology/approachPart of this study included the analysis of the microclimate of the historic “Bab El Hadid” district of the City of Tlemcen, by developing a questionnaire survey and a numerical simulation validated by measurements of the microclimate the authors made on site. To complete this task, the authors applied the Envi-met 4.1 model during the coldest month of the winter and the hottest month of the summer. Urban parameters are represented at different measurement points characterised by a variability of the sky view factor (SVF).FindingsThe results presented in terms of average expected the predicted mean vote (PMV) voting, solar access and air temperature. They show that thermal conditions are directly related to the SVF, the height/width ratio (H/L) of streets as well as the orientation of urban canyons. The points located in the streets facing North–South, present an acceptable performance. Streets shaded by trees with a canyon aspect ratio of between 1.18 and 1.70 reduce heat stress in outdoor spaces. The PMV models discussed provide information on the most appropriate locations for pedestrians. The authors have proposed urban orientations that could limit unfavourable conditions in outdoor spaces. They are useful for architects and urban planners in the design and rehabilitation of historic centres.Originality/valueIn Tlemcen, the microclimate is not taken into account in the design and rehabilitation of urban fabrics. For this specific purpose, the authors want to stress in the research the importance of safeguarding urban heritage through the renewal of the old city and the bioclimatic rehabilitation of its urban spaces.

scholarly journals The role of food in re-imagining the city

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Marat-Mendes ◽  
◽  
João Cunha Borges ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Food System ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Distribution Transformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Humanity is now believed to live in a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, as changes have been reported on the atmosphere, air, water, and soil, but also on societal perceptions of these issues. This presentation departs from the theoretical assumption that the impact of the abovementioned changes on culture and the environment have not yet found a stable influence on urban planning. This presentation overviews the implications of the food system within urban planning while considering it as a socio-technical system which integrates production, distribution, transformation, consumption and disposal patterns. The production phase of the food system in particular, emerges as a fundamental planning challenge, extending to urban form solutions, individual behaviours, dietary regimes, inequalities in foodsheds planning, and the cultural capital of food. Accordingly, the food system emerges here as an opportunity to identify how current urban fabrics of cities and their rural and regional hinterlands can be transformed in terms of their metabolic function and respond to the needs of people and the environment. To do so, this presentation introduces the preliminary results of an analysis conducted by an ongoing research project SPLACH – Spatial Planning for Change, at two particular scales: the region and the neighbourhood. Thus, while focusing in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), in Portugal, we provide an analysis of the Regional Plan as well as of specific residential neighbourhoods located in LMA, regarding the relationship between the food system functioning and urban planning approaches. The analysis includes a comparative number of case studies which differ in urban form solutions, socio-economic conditions, but also geographical location. The results support the request for a stronger integration of the above-identified underexplored topics of the food system within urban planning, which will be fundamental to inform a new theory of the city that makes any serious contribution towards a sustainability transition.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns of Urban Expansion in Chinese Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Jing Yao ◽  
Ya Ping Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Western China ◽  
City Development ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> China has experienced high rate urbanization in recent years, with urban population increased from 460 to 750 million and the built-up area of metropolis expanded by almost 60% since 2000. Urban landscape has been dramatically changed by intensified inner-city development and urban sprawl. In recent years, the changes in urban form has transformed from expansion to restructuring. A good understanding of urban expansion and spatial restructuring as a consequence of urbanization has important policy implications, enhancing the knowledge of spatial variations in urban growth in transitional Chinese cities and assisting with sustainable urban and regional planning.</p><p>Using the Landsat satellite images from 1995 to 2015, this research explores urban expansion and its spatial patterns in second-tier Chinese cities, taking Tianjin, Hangzhou and Chengdu as examples, which are the leaders in the urbanization in Northern, Eastern and Western China, respectively. The study area includes the city proper in the three case study cities. Figure 1 shows the expansion of urban area in the three cities over the study time period. By visual inspection, it can be observed that the spatial pattern of urban land use growth varies across the three cities. For example, Tianjin has been largely expanding towards the east, particularly the Tianjin Binhai New Area, which has been rapidly developed into a new city core. The city of Chengdu seems having been expanding toward all directions of the surrounding area, integrated with the adjacent towns into a larger urban agglomeration. Further work will focus on quantitative analysis of the spatial patterns of urban expansion using geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analytics, as well as the association between urban expansion and socioeconomic changes, with a reflection on the role of national/local policies.</p>

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Sustainable Urban Projects in the city of Baghdad

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadhah Abdul sahib Hussein ◽  
Zaynab Radi Abaas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swot Analyses ◽  
The City

This research comes in an attempt to evaluate and compare between the efficiency of a selected sustainable urban projects from Baghdad city (Al Adhamiya and Al Kadhimiya areas) through applying the criteria ofurban sustainability and compared using SWOT analyses model(represents one strong word: S = strengths, W = weaknesses, O = opportunities, T = threats.), this done by examine the most important strategies which targeted to extrapolate the urban form as a vital sustainable structure, and has become a standard which could measure and evaluate the impact of the application for sustainable criteria. These strategies know as Smart Growth Strategies which include, Development, Design, Transportation, Open & Natural Space Protection, Open Space Creation, Sense of Place, and Urban Community Strategies. Here this search tries to extract the most local standards that consistent with the nature and environment of sustainable urban Iraqi projects in general and Baghdad in particular by reviewing the Smart Growth principles and strategies. However, the aim is to determine the effectiveness and the successfulness of the adopted urban projects in Baghdad in applying the urban sustainability criteria in the one hand, and to extract the most important positive points which serve the local environment and utilize them to establish the foundations for possible urban standards adopted in the evaluation of sustainable urban future projects on the others.

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