scholarly journals The role of food in re-imagining the city

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Marat-Mendes ◽  
◽  
João Cunha Borges ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Food System ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Distribution Transformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Humanity is now believed to live in a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, as changes have been reported on the atmosphere, air, water, and soil, but also on societal perceptions of these issues. This presentation departs from the theoretical assumption that the impact of the abovementioned changes on culture and the environment have not yet found a stable influence on urban planning. This presentation overviews the implications of the food system within urban planning while considering it as a socio-technical system which integrates production, distribution, transformation, consumption and disposal patterns. The production phase of the food system in particular, emerges as a fundamental planning challenge, extending to urban form solutions, individual behaviours, dietary regimes, inequalities in foodsheds planning, and the cultural capital of food. Accordingly, the food system emerges here as an opportunity to identify how current urban fabrics of cities and their rural and regional hinterlands can be transformed in terms of their metabolic function and respond to the needs of people and the environment. To do so, this presentation introduces the preliminary results of an analysis conducted by an ongoing research project SPLACH – Spatial Planning for Change, at two particular scales: the region and the neighbourhood. Thus, while focusing in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), in Portugal, we provide an analysis of the Regional Plan as well as of specific residential neighbourhoods located in LMA, regarding the relationship between the food system functioning and urban planning approaches. The analysis includes a comparative number of case studies which differ in urban form solutions, socio-economic conditions, but also geographical location. The results support the request for a stronger integration of the above-identified underexplored topics of the food system within urban planning, which will be fundamental to inform a new theory of the city that makes any serious contribution towards a sustainability transition.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Impact of Urban Form in Sustainable Urban Planning Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Séverine Hermand ◽  
Monica García Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This paper examines how urban form affects the sustainable development of cities. It look at the case of Brussels, a city and a region with a very distinctive position in Belgium and in Europe, where public and political institutions have developed together detailed management plans to ensure the responsible management of the city in environment, social and economic terms. The paper first examines the concept of urban form and its constituent features. It then analyses two main questions: How can urban form indicators be integrated in decision-making process for sustainable urban planning? What urban development priorities are in place in Brussels-Capital Region and how do they impact the urban form development of the city? By proposing an analysis on the notion of urban form in Brussels-Capital Region, this paper intends to equip designers and decision makers with a better overview the type of city environmental strategies that can be deployed in the early stages of urban development projects. Keywords: Urban form, Density, Polycentric, Brussels-Capital Region, Policy development

Sociocultural Influences on an Important Example of Iranian Urban Form

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Habib ◽  
Ibrahim Numan ◽  
Hifsiye Pulhan
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Sociocultural Influences ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In casting a new look at city; this study interprets the urban form in respect of the role played by human perception of space. The main aim of this research at a macro level is to attain a strong theorical basis through a multi-dimensional approach to the city. The method of analyzing and carrying out a critique of it at an applied level will clarify the impact, which cultural factors have in the formation of urban form. This preliminary recognition and idealism is based on a hermeneutic and deductive method that is particular to the intellectual sciences In the process of devising theories, studying the urban planning texts related to the subject of study and the conclusion from the field study which is carried out in the Isfahan Naghshe Jahan square in the Safavy period played a key role in the research in addition to the goals and questions.

scholarly journals Depressed spaces as an instrument for transformation of urban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, more and more often urban abandoned and depressed spaces that were previously used as industrial facilities or temporarily used are becoming the sphere of architectural and landscape transformations. These territories can occupy a significant part of the city. This paper examines the features of the formation of urban planning systems, as well as the impact of depressed spaces on the quality of the urban environment. This paper studies such depressed spaces as abandoned industrial areas and objects of unfinished construction. The paper assesses the impact of depressed spaces, identifies criteria that reflect the nature, scale and features of their impact on the environment, on the safety and quality of the urban environment, as well as their role in the structure of the city as a whole. The principles and features of the formation of such urban depressed spaces, as well as the patterns of their development are revealed. The features of the formation of open public space of urban systems, as well as ways of transforming depressed spaces, aimed at increasing their social significance, integrating them into the general urban development, and improving the ecological and social situation are considered. The paper concludes that the problem of restoration of depressed spaces is very important and urgent today. The creation of a continuous urban tissue is impossible without the reorganization of such spaces, as well as the creation of an integral compositional, functional and communication urban planning system.

scholarly journals Urban water bodies as the basis for functioning of public spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, housing construction in cities has been carried out at a high rate. Increasingly, urban abandoned and flooded depressive spaces near water bodies (often rivers), which were previously used as industrial facilities or temporarily used, are becoming the sphere of architectural and landscape transformations. The restoration of such territories helps to improve the quality of urban space and improve its ecological properties. Correct development of territories near rivers and various water bodies has a great health-improving effect on the urban environment, improves its natural and climatic conditions. In addition, social and economic factors play an important role in this process, since such transformed territories and territories adjacent to them significantly increase investment attractiveness. This paper examines modern approaches to the development of urban public spaces, based on the formation of architectural environments that ensure the relationship of urban development with water bodies and adjacent territories. The paper notes that water bodies are not only an important component of the natural-ecological framework, but are also the basis for the framework of urban-planning natural-technogenic systems as a whole. And the creation of a continuous urban fabric is impossible without the organization of a ‘water’ line of development, provision of compositional, functional and communication interconnection of open urban and water spaces, which is actively being introduced today in architectural and urban planning practice. The paper examines the role of water bodies in the ecological system of the city, as well as in its structure as a whole. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the formation of a public urban space, to determine the patterns of its development, to identify criteria that reflect the nature, scale and features of the impact of urbanization on a water body. Some principles of revitalization of coastal areas, as well as the creation of a system of publicly accessible, compositionally expressive spaces are considered. The principles of space transformation aimed at the formation of a holistic image of the city, as well as the impact of such a spatial arrangement of urban and water bodies on the safety and quality of the urban environment are considered.

Analysis of urban thermal environments based on the perception and simulation of the microclimate in the historic city of Tlemcen

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Ghaffour ◽  
Mohammed Nabil Ouissi ◽  
Marc André Velay Dabat
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

PurposeThe preservation of historic urban centres prevents anarchic development of the city and ensures a harmonious evolution of the urban form. It also improves the quality of life in the context of climate and environmental change. Morphological and geometric indicators of the urban fabric are key parameters in the formation of external microclimates. They provide a positive effect on the thermal comfort of pedestrians. The objective of this work is to study the impact of the site morphology on the external microclimate and to understand the relationship between the subjective perception and the objective quantification of the thermal environment. The result of this study has allowed us to propose solutions for the creation of a microclimate favourable to the appropriation of outdoor spaces. The authors finally propose guidelines for the design and rehabilitation of the historic site based on the establishment of links between the site's configuration, microclimatic conditions and users' perceptions.Design/methodology/approachPart of this study included the analysis of the microclimate of the historic “Bab El Hadid” district of the City of Tlemcen, by developing a questionnaire survey and a numerical simulation validated by measurements of the microclimate the authors made on site. To complete this task, the authors applied the Envi-met 4.1 model during the coldest month of the winter and the hottest month of the summer. Urban parameters are represented at different measurement points characterised by a variability of the sky view factor (SVF).FindingsThe results presented in terms of average expected the predicted mean vote (PMV) voting, solar access and air temperature. They show that thermal conditions are directly related to the SVF, the height/width ratio (H/L) of streets as well as the orientation of urban canyons. The points located in the streets facing North–South, present an acceptable performance. Streets shaded by trees with a canyon aspect ratio of between 1.18 and 1.70 reduce heat stress in outdoor spaces. The PMV models discussed provide information on the most appropriate locations for pedestrians. The authors have proposed urban orientations that could limit unfavourable conditions in outdoor spaces. They are useful for architects and urban planners in the design and rehabilitation of historic centres.Originality/valueIn Tlemcen, the microclimate is not taken into account in the design and rehabilitation of urban fabrics. For this specific purpose, the authors want to stress in the research the importance of safeguarding urban heritage through the renewal of the old city and the bioclimatic rehabilitation of its urban spaces.

Simulating Sustainable Urban Gateway Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 2269 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ferguson ◽  
Hanna Maoh ◽  
Pavlos Kanaroglou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Goods Movement ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
The Impact

The term “gateway” refers to a city, or to some transport and logistics-oriented area in a city, that is associated with goods movement in, out, and through the area. Although the definition of a gateway is typically focused on goods movement, a more holistic view is adopted with consideration of the movements of people and the environmental implications of all movements. The relevance of this view is based on the interdependence of commercial and persons mobility, because all moves are happening within the same transport network, and is based on considerations of quality of life in a gateway city. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, was chosen to test these concepts. Hamilton had a suitable geographical location, a busy port, an international airport, good highway and railway access, and an educated labor force. The gateway prospects for Hamilton were given perspective through a study of other prominent gateways that distilled success factors. Analytical work focused on multiregional economic impact modeling to assess the direct and indirect effects of Hamilton's potential evolution as a gateway. Local-level analysis, through integrated urban modeling and simulation of scenarios, stressed the impact of gateway development on commercial goods movement, auto commuting levels, emission levels, and transit ridership. Increased emissions resulting from gateway economic development could be overcome with forward-thinking policy focused on the uncongested movement of goods and people, compact urban form, and enhanced public transit working in concert. The addition of light rail transit in Hamilton and the promotion of a compact urban form would be catalysts for sustainable local gateway development. Finally, gateway-oriented development in Hamilton will cause noticeable regional economic growth. The models that were developed can be calibrated for other cities, given appropriate data.

scholarly journals A Holistic and Interoperable Approach towards the Implementation of Services for the Digital Transformation of Smart Cities: The Case of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8061
Author(s):  
Félix Larrinaga ◽  
Alain Pérez ◽  
Iñigo Aldalur ◽  
José L. Hernández ◽  
José Luis Izkara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Cities in the 21st century play a major role in the sustainability and climate impact reduction challenges set by the European agenda. As the population of cities grows and their environmental impact becomes more evident, the European strategy aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions—the main cause of climate change. Measures to reduce the impact of climate change include reducing energy consumption, improving mobility, harnessing resources and renewable energies, integrating nature-based solutions and efficiently managing infrastructure. The monitoring and control of all this activity is essential for its proper functioning. In this context, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a key role in the digitisation, monitoring, and managing of these different verticals. Urban data platforms support cities on extracting Key Performance Indicators (KPI) in their efforts to make better decisions. Cities must be transformed by applying efficient urban planning measures and taking into account not only technological aspects, but also by applying a holistic vision in building solutions where citizens are at the centre. In addition, standardisation of platforms where applications are integrated as one is necessary. This requires interoperability between different verticals. This article presents the information platform developed for the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz in Spain. The platform is based on the UNE 178104 standard to provide a holistic architecture that integrates information from the different urban planning measures implemented in the city. The platform was constructed in the context of the SmartEnCity project following the urban transformation strategy established by the city. The article presents the value-added solutions implemented in the platform. These solutions have been developed by applying co-creation techniques in which stakeholders have been involved throughout the process. The platform proposes a step forward towards standardization, harmonises the integration of data from multiple vertical, provides interoperability between services, and simplifies scalability and replicability due to its microservice architecture.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Sustainable Urban Projects in the city of Baghdad

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadhah Abdul sahib Hussein ◽  
Zaynab Radi Abaas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swot Analyses ◽  
The City

This research comes in an attempt to evaluate and compare between the efficiency of a selected sustainable urban projects from Baghdad city (Al Adhamiya and Al Kadhimiya areas) through applying the criteria ofurban sustainability and compared using SWOT analyses model(represents one strong word: S = strengths, W = weaknesses, O = opportunities, T = threats.), this done by examine the most important strategies which targeted to extrapolate the urban form as a vital sustainable structure, and has become a standard which could measure and evaluate the impact of the application for sustainable criteria. These strategies know as Smart Growth Strategies which include, Development, Design, Transportation, Open & Natural Space Protection, Open Space Creation, Sense of Place, and Urban Community Strategies. Here this search tries to extract the most local standards that consistent with the nature and environment of sustainable urban Iraqi projects in general and Baghdad in particular by reviewing the Smart Growth principles and strategies. However, the aim is to determine the effectiveness and the successfulness of the adopted urban projects in Baghdad in applying the urban sustainability criteria in the one hand, and to extract the most important positive points which serve the local environment and utilize them to establish the foundations for possible urban standards adopted in the evaluation of sustainable urban future projects on the others.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impacts of Urbinization on the Climate of Kumasi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Mensah ◽  
Julia Atayi ◽  
Amos T. Kabo-bah ◽  
Marian Švik ◽  
Daniel Acheampong
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Green Vegetation ◽  
City Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The key anthropogenic effects on climate include the changes in land use and emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Depletion of vegetation poses serious threat that speeds the process of climate change and reduces carbon sequestration by the environment. Thus, the preservation of natural environment in urban areas is an essential component of the garden city model, proposed by Sir Ebenezer Howard in 1898, to ensure ecological balance. Recent Landsat images showed that Kumasi does not have the required percentage of green vegetation as was stipulated in the garden city model on which the city was built. It was observed that most parts of Kumasi's green vegetation have been lost to built environments. This study was conducted to assess the impact of urbanization on the garden city status and its effect on the micro-climate of the city. Significant changes in the vegetation cover of the city was evaluated from Landsat-TM imagery and analysis of a long term climatic data of Kumasi carried out over a 55-year period (1960 to 2015). It was observed that, climatic conditions have slightly changed, as mean surface temperature of has increased by 1.2 °C/ 55 years, due to the significant landuse changes from development of non-transpiring, reduced evaporative urban surfaces. However, the impact is not greatly felt due to the geographical location of the city on the globe despite the evidence of a considerable temperature change. Green vegetation conservation for the city is recommended as a top priority in future for city authorities and planners.

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