The Geographies of Online Job Search: Preliminary Findings from Worcester, MA

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1223-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Niles ◽  
Susan Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Job Information ◽  
Hiring Process ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Cost

For those who have online access, the Internet significantly reduces the cost and time of transferring information over distance. This paper explores the potential of the Internet to improve people's employment opportunities by increasing their access to job information beyond that provided via their grounded social networks. Information circulating through grounded social networks is biased socially and geographically toward the life experiences of network members. The tendency for those members to have similar life experiences dampens the variability in the information exchanged in such networks. What is the potential for the Internet to expand people's access to information about jobs and employers' information about workers? We report on a pilot study undertaken in Worcester, Massachusetts, that examined employers' use of Internet recruiting for employees. The results of this qualitative study indicate that these employers use the Internet strategically to enhance the volume of applications when the labor market is tight and to segment the applicant pool when the market loosens and the number of resumes is overwhelming. As a result, we conclude that many grounded social relations that have been integral to the hiring process are resilient to the Internet; pre-Internet geographies shape Internet geographies, and grounded social relations continue to define access to information about job opportunities even online.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND EDUCATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Jevtić ◽  
Milan S. Dajić
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Impact

Social networks are a way of creating a virtual identity and entering into relationships with strangers in a series of interactions that were not known to a man before the existence of the Internet. Mobile phones and the virtual world often create a personality of a person that is not the same in the real world. It can be said that technology has changed the course of humanity and human consciousness and contributed to many changes in the mentality of society, especially among the youth. Children are often overwhelmed by materialism and jealousy, which further encourages them to become an unconscious, immoral and unambitious population. One of the negative effects of social networks is the abuse of privacy, which is also becoming a growing problem everywhere in the world and should not be ignored. However, a positive attitude should be maintained when it comes to social networks, because they facilitate communication, access to information and learning, greater availability of services and free advertising of some products or services. High school students use the Internet intensively every day, and the work raises the question of whether they use it constructively or destructively. The research was conducted in 2019, the population of high school students was observed and 100 students were included on the territory of Belgrade, Niš and Vitina.

Cyber Espionage

2016 ◽  
pp. 176-207
Author(s):  
Mohamed Fazil Mohamed Firdhous
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Cyber Espionage ◽  
World Information ◽  
Gain Access

In today's world, information plays a vital role in determining the success of many endeavors. Hence, people try to gain access to information by employing many techniques that are not used under normal circumstances. Today Internet is an important resource in the lives of people and carries a vast amount of information. Hence gaining access to this information through some surreptitious means is known as cyber espionage. Cyber espionage has been a real threat to the users as it compromises the security of their precious information. Cyber espionage could be carried out by individuals, organizations or governments targeting individuals, organizations and states for obtaining information for personal, economic, political or military advantages over the other. In this chapter, the author takes an in depth look at the attacks carried out three main domains of the Internet, namely social networks, websites and email. The author not only discusses the attacks and the mechanisms used, but also proposes the precautionary methods that can be employed to protect these resources.

scholarly journals Teenagers in Social Networks: Patterns of Usage and Aggressiveness

2019 ◽  
pp. 1733–1752
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Sobkin ◽  
Aleksandra V. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
School Students ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Network Interaction ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Future Success

The article is devoted to the study of the patterns of network interaction as regards teenagers and their attitude to the aggressive behaviour in social networks. The article is based on data obtained by specialists of the Center for Sociology of Education of the Institute of Education Management of the Russian Academy of Education as a result of an anonymous survey of 2074 students from grades 5, 7, 9 and 11 of Moscow region schools. Methods of mathematical statistics were used for data processing. The analysis is aimed at identifying the influence of social, demographic and behavioural characteristics that determine the attitude of teenagers to aggression in social networks. It has been revealed that the leader’s position of a teenager in the class contributes to a greater participation of this teenager in network interaction, which is associated with their motivation to expand their social circle. The growth in the number of provocative statements in the network communication by the time of graduation indicates that the need for manipulation in social relations plays an important role in the process of network communication at this age. It has been proved that while growing up teenagers start to change the attitude to aggression; the share of high school students who negatively perceive aggression scenes decreases; active users are more likely to show a positive attitude towards aggression scenes, which evidences their “getting used to” the aggressive style of communication on the Internet. Teenagers focused on attracting the attention of others (those who consider their accounts “provocative”, “expansive” or “extraordinary”) are more likely to enjoy watching violent scenes than the owners of “ordinary” accounts. Personal experience of participating in aggressive situations either in the role of an “aggressor” or a “victim” facilitates their acceptance of aggression. The data presented allow us to conclude that the most significant factors for the creation of the teenagers’ attitude to expression of aggression in social networks are their gender, age, frequency of use of social networks, self-presentation on the Internet, social status in the class, estimation of their future success

scholarly journals Ways of exposing the sexuality of university students in digital media

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Sousa ◽  
M D O Lima ◽  
P A Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
University Students ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Digital Medium ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Background Due to social and technological developments, experiences related to relationships between people express changes, which can be observed in social media, especially in social networks and dating and sexual apps. The use of social networks is growing among people of all age groups, which facilitates the maintenance of interpersonal contact and allows some people to get to know each other digitally, in addition to assisting in the search for information about sexuality and making it possible to meet with women. loving or sexual purpose. Objective to understand the means that university students express their sexuality in digital media. Methods This is a research with a qualitative approach, based on the Theory of Social Representations. University students from Belo Horizonte participated in the study. Data collection took place through a structured questionnaire with open and closed questions made available via the internet. The data were interpreted based on the Structural Analysis of the Narration, proposed by Demazière; Dubar. Results Two theoretical categories were listed. Use of digital media for sexual and amorous encounters - university students reveal the use of apps for casual encounters, where they use photos considered sensual to get a date outside the digital medium. Use of digital media as a source of information - the research subjects say they use the internet as a source of information about sexuality, as they still consider this issue difficult to approach with parents. These students also share the acquired information and personal experiences with friends. Conclusions In the digital environment, social relations are based on a hypervisibility of personal life on social networks, where intimate, private and especially sexual and body issues are exposed. Key messages Understanding how university students express their sexuality in digital media is an important step towards promoting the health of this population group. Social media can be of great value, but it can also present risks. Thus, university students are susceptible to these two factors, especially when it comes to topics such as sexuality.

scholarly journals CENSORSHIP IN SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A SOCIAL PRACTICE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Skhid ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
KYRYL DZIHORA
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Recommendation Systems ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
New Type ◽  
Philosophical Nature

The article clarifies the socio-philosophical nature of censorship, the methods of its action and the restrictions it may impose on the information presented on social networks. Using specific examples from the work of social networks, the author argues that censorship creates the availability of information. The problem of user's subjectivity in the virtual space have been described. The complexity and contradiction of the phenomenon of censorship on the Internet have been disclosed. Technical, non-technical and indirect methods of implementing censorship frameworks for information in cyberspace have been analyzed. The technical methods are described in more detail in the article. They were grouped according to the following classification: methods that slow down the operation of services; methods that block the activity of services; methods that block information with human participation; methods that block information using algorithms; marking information as unreliable It is stated that censorship today complicates access to information instead of completely blocking it. The problem of new type of censorship on the Internet created by the recommendation systems have been considered. It is noted that the use of these systems enhances the subjectivity of users, and leads to the creation of echo cameras. Thus, the research hypothesis stating that “availability of information generates censorship” was confirmed with the above arguments and examples from the work of social networks.

scholarly journals A METRIC TO EVALUATE INTERACTION OBFUSCATION IN ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 877-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERO BALSA ◽  
CARMELA TRONCOSO ◽  
CLAUDIA DIAZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
The Cost

Online social networks (OSNs) have become one of the main communication channels in today's information society, and their emergence has raised new privacy concerns. The content uploaded to OSNs (such as pictures, status updates, comments) is by default available to the OSN provider, and often to other people to whom the user who uploaded the content did not intend to give access. A different class of concerns relates to sensitive information that can be inferred from the behavior of users. For example, the analysis of user interactions augments social network graphs with potentially privacy-sensitive details on the nature of social relations, such as the strength of user relationships. A solution to prevent such inferences is to automatically generate dummy interactions that obfuscate the real interactions between OSN users. Given an adversary that observes the obfuscated interactions, the goal is to prevent the adversary from recovering parameters of interest (e.g., relationships strength) that accurately describe the real user interactions. The design and evaluation of obfuscation strategies requires metrics that express the level of protection they would offer when deployed in a particular OSN with its underlying user interaction patterns. In this paper we propose mutual information as obfuscation metric. It measures the amount of information leaked by the (observable) obfuscated interactions in the system on the (concealed) real interactions between users. We show that the metric is suitable for comparing different obfuscation strategies, and flexible to accommodate different network topologies and user communication patterns. Obfuscation comes at the cost of network overhead, and the proposed metric contributes to enabling the optimization of strategies to achieve good levels of privacy protection at minimum overhead. We provide a detailed methodology to compute the metric and perform experiments that illustrate its suitability.

Social Networks for Researchers on the Internet

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Shibarshina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Ethical Norm

This article considers the digital transformations of scientific communication focusing on social networks for researchers. The author argues that such communities possess certain prospects for turning into a kind of new sociality. She highlights and critically evaluates the major features of interactions on such platforms, including: a network nature; communication “here-and-now”; mobility of ideas, methods, approaches, and solutions; open access to information and its evaluation; blurring the boundaries of previously stable social ties and relations, and overcoming cultural barriers. She argues that social networks for researchers, potentially enabling Merton’s communalism as an ethical norm and partly externalizing dispersed knowledge, can become a new sociality for those researchers who possess fewer opportunities for career fulfillment in offline mode.

scholarly journals SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A COMPONENT OF EDUCATIONAL AREA OF THE HIGH SCHOOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Elena Zhestkova ◽  
Dmitriy Gusev ◽  
Natalya Kudakova ◽  
Elvira Maklaeva ◽  
Svetlana Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Professional Communities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
The Russian Federation

Currently, there is an active process of expanding the educational space, including the higher education of the Russian Federation, at the expense of informatization. Informatization of educational area of higher education is impossible without using web-technologies and, such as social networks. The authors of the article suggest social networks to be understood as a working version of an “interactive multi-user website that implements a network social structure consisting of a group of nodes — social objects (groups of people, communities) and links between them (social relationships), on the basis of which participants can establish relationship with each other. Currently, there are several main functions of social networks: educational; adaptive (acts as a resource of adaptation); compensatory (replacing institutional mechanisms of adaptation); informational (supports communication between authors of social interaction); transit (allows an individual to make the transition along the social ladder); coordination; social support functions (strengthen communication within and outside the network) and the function of a sociocultural marker. Social networks, speaking as a special social space of the Internet, have become the sphere in which traditional forms of socialization and social relations are transformed, and communication as a type of leisure activity becomes possible not in the traditional form of direct live communication, but acquires the features of simple communication. The authors state that at present using social networks in the educational area of the higher school of the Russian Federation is minimal. The network educational community on the basis of a social network - a virtual educational environment - is necessary, first of all, for students who have difficulties in communicating directly or need additional knowledge and skills that an educational institution cannot provide. From the point of view of education, social networks can be: freely available (non-specialized networks for which professional communities are not paramount and purely professional communities of practice) and in a corporate format (free-access networks; not specialized (“general profile” network)). The advent of Web 2.0 has expanded the possibilities of using social networks in education, has changed the attitude to the Internet as a whole, and teachers have begun to more actively use the Internet services for educational and educational purposes, in extracurricular activities and creative activities. It has already been experimentally proven that network communities can serve as pedagogical practices for development: co-thinking, tolerance, mastering decentralized models, critical thinking.

Coworkers, Networks, and Job-Search Outcomes among Displaced Workers

ILR Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perihan Ozge Saygin ◽  
Andrea Weber ◽  
Michèle A. Weynandt
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Displaced Workers ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
New Employees ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Job Finding

This article examines the mechanisms by which social networks affect the labor market outcomes of displaced workers. The authors draw on administrative records for the universe of private-sector employment in Austria to identify work-related networks among former coworkers. They analyze the importance of social networks for both job seekers and hiring firms. For job seekers, results indicate that having a high share of former coworkers who are currently employed in expanding firms improves job-finding success. For firms seeking to hire new employees, the authors find that a firm is twice as likely to hire a displaced worker with a former-coworker link to one of their current employees than to hire a worker displaced from the same closing firm but without a link. These results suggest that information about job opportunities and demand-side conditions is transmitted in work-related networks between workers and firms.

scholarly journals Eso no me lo dices en la calle. Análisis del discurso del odio contra las mujeres en Twitter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Piñeiro-Otero ◽  
Xabier Martínez-Rolán
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Professional Fields ◽  
La Red

During the last decade, the Internet, and the social networks in particular, have gained relevance as spaces for interaction and socialization. The multiplication and penetration of social media, as well as the volume and intensity of interactions, have led to a migration of the public sphere towards these platforms. In this (apparently neutral) virtual context, where social networks contribute to the construction or amplification of social relations, the Internet is configured as a space of inequality where power relations and patriarchal practices are reproduced, amplified by the sensation of anonymity and its disinhibiting effect. This paper analyzes the presence of hate speech and misogyny in the Twitter conversation around 50 Spanish women with public visibility online and in the real world, belonging to diverse professional fields: science, communication, culture, sports, business, and politics. Based on an automated search for insults and other hate terms, a content analysis of the direct interactions and indirect mentions received by these women on this social platform over a period of 1 year was carried out. The results of this study highlight the toxicity of the Twittersphere for female users. Thus, 15% of direct interactions and 10% of indirect interactions directed at these women included some kind of insult or disqualification, although not necessarily of a sexist or misogynist nature. This violence is especially evident against women representatives of those areas with greater visibility and social influence such as communication and politics. Resumen En la última década, internet y, en concreto, las redes sociales, han cobrado relevancia como espacios de interacción y socialización. La multiplicación y penetración de las redes sociales, así como el volumen e intensidad de las interacciones, han propiciado un desplazamiento de la esfera pública hacia estas plataformas. Este contexto virtual aparentemente neutro, donde las redes sociales ayudan a la construcción o amplificación de las relaciones sociales, se configura como un espacio de desigualdad donde se reproducen las relaciones de poder y prácticas patriarcales, amplificadas por la sensación de anonimato y su efecto desinhibidor. El presente trabajo analiza la manifestación del discurso del odio y misoginia en la conversación en Twitter en torno a 50 mujeres españolas, con proyección pública en la Red y fuera de la Red, pertenecientes a diversos ámbitos profesionales: ciencia, comunicación, cultura, deporte, empresa y política. A partir de la búsqueda automatizada de insultos y otros términos de odio, se ha analizado el contenido de las interacciones directas y menciones indirectas que recibieron estas mujeres en esta plataforma social a lo largo de un año. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la toxicidad de la tweetesfera para las usuarias. Así, el 15% de las interacciones directas y el 10% de las indirectas dirigidas a estas mujeres integran algún tipo de insulto o descalificación, aunque no necesariamente de carácter sexista o misógino. Una violencia que se hace especialmente patente contra las mujeres representantes de las áreas de mayor visibilidad e influencia social como la comunicación y la política.

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