The Number is the Beast: A Political Economy of Organic-Coffee Certification and Producer Unionism

10.1068/a3435 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1165-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tad Mutersbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Ethical Products ◽  
Quality Certification ◽  
Regional Leaders ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
Organic Coffee

The author argues that organic-coffee certification enacted under the rubric of transnational certification norms alters the logic and practice of economic management and governance in an Oaxacan (Mexican) peasant producers' union. As the title indicates, these changes are productive of social and economic tensions. An economic and ethnographic analysis of ‘certification labor’ demonstrates (a) that the work of certification is distributed within producer organizations such that village and regional leaders become burdened by significant new responsibilities, and (b) that practical changes—including a new producer logic (‘market-price interdependence’) and village certification-service providers (‘peasant inspectors’ and ‘community technical officers’)—have a significant qualitative impact upon household and village economic governance. In addition, certification (c) affects the operation of statewide producer unions, altering the ways in which these interact both with their member organizations and with certifiers: unions must intervene to aid (regional) member organizations in their efforts to certify, yet also find that certification norms, such as conflict-of-interest provisions, constrain the union's ability to promote producer interests. Thus a qualification to an organic and ethical-products literature that conflates quality certification with the protection of smallholder cultural and economic independence is provided. The author concludes that a rethinking of certification norms, together with efforts to assist producer certification, should be a priority for supporters of sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals An Equilibrium Analysis of a Secondary Mobile Data-Share Market

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Jordan Blocher ◽  
Frederick C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Strategy Space ◽  
Wireless Users

Internet service providers are offering shared data plans where multiple users may buy and sell their overage data in a secondary market managed by the ISP. We propose a game-theoretic approach to a software-defined network for modeling this wireless data exchange market: a fully connected, non-cooperative network. We identify and define the rules for the underlying progressive second price (PSP) auction for the respective network and market structure. We allow for a single degree of statistical freedom—the reserve price—and show that the secondary data exchange market allows for greater flexibility in the acquisition decision making of mechanism design. We have designed a framework to optimize the strategy space using the elasticity of supply and demand. Wireless users are modeled as a distribution of buyers and sellers with normal incentives. Our derivation of a buyer-response strategy for wireless users based on second price market dynamics leads us to prove the existence of a balanced pricing scheme. We examine shifts in the market price function and prove that our network upholds the desired properties for optimization with respect to software-defined networks and prove the existence of a Nash equilibrium in the overlying non-cooperative game.

Donna Bahry: Economic Reform and the Republics

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Local Dimension ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Regional Leaders ◽  
The Relationship

The regional and local dimension entered the debate over economic decentralization and perestroika as different republics or provinces provided laboratories for experiments with new forms of economic management, and as public officials below the all-union level were ordered to take more initiative in critical areas such as consumer goods production. Now, however, the regional dimension in economic reform has moved to the top of the political agenda. In part, it moved there after last year's Party Conference where regional leaders discussed economic strains in perestroika, in part due to economic strains that have become more visible at the local level. As Gorbachev told the Supreme Soviet, this year marks a new stage in perestroika, one that is to harmonize inter-ethnic relations and redefine the relationship—especially the economic relationship—between center and periphery.

scholarly journals No Guts, No Glory: Promoting Economic Independence of Brown Sugar Farmers Through Co-Operative

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Novita Puspasari ◽  
Yudha Aryo Sudibyo
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Cooperative Model ◽  
Local Actors

Abstract Banyumas regency is the largest producer of brown sugar in Indonesia. One location which produce brown sugar is in Ketanda Village. Unfortunately, most of brown sugar farmers have been trapped to bad middlemen for decades since they are lack of capital and market access. The farmers pay debt to middlemen with their sugar then the price is determined by the middleman. Moreover, middlemen buy brown sugar in much lower price than the market price. Both the buying price and the debt scheme determined by the middlemen are unfair to brown sugar farmers. This research used action research method. In the first step of action research, diagnosis, it was found that brown sugar farmers need an institution which can facilitate them to be free from middlemen, strengthen the farmers community, and also develop their business model. Therefore, the intervention made by gathering local actors and they committed to build a cooperative. There are two implications from this study. First, this study will enrich literature in cooperative as a social enterprise which has a main goal to manage social problem. Second, if successfully implemented, the cooperative model can be replicated in other regions to manage the same social problem, thus farmer’s economic independence will be achieved.

scholarly journals Pemenuhan Sarana dan Prasarana bagi Masyarakat Berkebutuhan Khusus untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik di Daerah

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Ricky Noor Permadi ◽  
Wildan Lutfie Arieyasmieta ◽  
Rustan Amarullah
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regional Leaders

This study aims to analyze to what extent the provision of the rights of special needs groups has been implemented and provide recommendations related to the additional infrastructure outside the regulation of the Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform (PANRB) Number 17 of 2017. This study is vital since the government institutions still lack attention to fulfilling the rights of persons with disabilities. In accordance with the mandate of Law Number. 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services, public service providers are obliged to provide special facilities and infrastructure for special needs groups without any additional charge. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative by analyzing the existing literature (library research). Then data collection through field observations (observations), interviews, and other library sources. This study tries to look at the completeness of special facilities and infrastructure for people with special needs that are provided by recommending twenty-two standards for infrastructure intended for “people with special needs”. Some public service providers relatively have almost met the standards. However, there are also public service providers which still need to be encouraged to meet these standards. It is necessary to have the political will of regional leaders to prioritize the provision of facilities and infrastructure to support public services for people with special needs. Amid limited regional resources, prioritizing the stages of fulfilment (road map) of these special facilities needs to be prepared, and partnerships also collaborations with other strategic partners can be developed to help meet these special service standards. There are limitations in this research: only three public service providers are the locus of the study, including hospitals, the Department of Population and Civil Registration, and the Department of Investment and the One-Stop Service, so that it does not represent the condition of public services in a city.   Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sejauh mana pemenuhan hak-hak kelompok berkebutuhan khusus telah diimplementasikan dan memberikan rekomendasi terkait dengan sarana-prasarana tambahan di luar peraturan Kementerian PANRB Nomor 17 Tahun 2017. Penelitian ini penting untuk dilakukan karena masih kurangnya perhatian lembaga pemerintah dalam hal pemenuhan hak-hak penyandang disabilitas. Sesuai pasal 29 UU No. 25 Tahun 2009 bahwa penyelenggara pelayanan publik berkewajiban menyediakan sarana dan prasarana khusus bagi masyarakat berkebutuhan khusus tanpa pembebanan biaya tambahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan lapangan, wawancara, dan sumber pustaka. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan kondisi sarana dan prasarana khusus bagi masyarakat berkebutuhan khusus yang disediakan dengan merekomendasikan dua puluh dua standar sarana prasarana bagi masyarakat berkebutuhan khusus. Beberapa penyedia pelayanan publik relatif sudah memenuhi sarana prasarana tersebut. Namun, juga terdapat penyedia layanan publik yang perlu didorong untuk memenuhi standar pelayanan khusus tersebut. Untuk memenuhi standar pelayanan bagi kelompok rentan, diperlukan political will pemimpin daerah untuk turut memprioritaskan penyediaan sarana dan prasarana penunjang pelayanan publik bagi masyarakat berkebutuhan khusus. Di tengah keterbatasan sumberdaya daerah, maka pengutamaan tahapan pemenuhan (road map) fasilitas khusus tersebut perlu disiapkan, serta pola-pola kemitraan dan kolaborasi dengan mitra strategis lainnya dapat dikembangkan untuk membantu memenuhi standar pelayanan khusus tersebut. Keterbatasan penelitian ini yaitu hanya mencakup tiga penyelenggara pelayanan publik, yang meliputi RSUD, Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil dan Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu sehingga tidak menggambarkan kondisi pelayanan publik suatu daerah. Kata Kunci: pelayanan publik, aksesibilitas, berkebutuhan khusus, fasilitas, infrastruktur

Impact of Mobile Intervention in Indian Agriculture

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Jain ◽  
J. K. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Behavioural Intention ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Bargaining Position

The major challenge in India’s agricultural sector is to create and improve the existing agriculture infrastructure which can improve the livelihood of rural masses. Penetration of mobile phones in India in the last 10 years has grown tremendously. Many service providers have emerged as players in this market providing a portfolio of services to consumers. Mobile-enabled information services have been introduced in agri-business to empower farmers with updated information related to farming and marketing of agricultural produce. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential of mobile phones and mobile-enabled agricultural services in improving the agricultural performance of farmers. Farmers are benefiting from better access to information through mobile phones on seed variety selection, weather update, crop diseases and getting a better market price for their produce. Farmers equipped with information have a stronger bargaining position within existing trade relationships. The study adopted the constructs of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, self-efficacy, attitude of the respondent (farmer) and behavioural intention to measure mobile adoption behaviour of farmers in agriculture. Factor analysis and regression analysis are used to identify factors significantly affecting behavioural intention of adopting mobile technology and reach an effective conclusion.

Bank for International Settlements

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-450
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Business Trend ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Bank For International Settlements ◽  
The Impact

The twenty-fourth annual report of the Bank for International Settlements was made public in June 1954. In reviewing the period April 1, 1953, March 31, 1954, the report noted that 1953 had been a year of economic progress for most countries, and adjustment and consolidation for the world as a whole. In a great many nations production had reached new record heights; prices had shown a remarkable degree of overall stability; and monetary confidence had been strengthened, as evidenced by the improvement in reserves and in quotations on the exchange markets, and by the fall in the free-market price of gold. These facts were important not only in themselves but also because they had dispelled preconceived ideas and prejudices, such as: 1) the claim that changes in interest rates or other measures in the field of credit were ineffective and outmoded as instruments of economic management; 2) the idea that a small decline in industrial output in the United States would lead to a proportionately greater reduction in American imports and consequently widen the dollar gap; and 3) the notion that a strengthening of monetary reserves and an improvement in the value of individual currencies could be achieved only by a policy of “deflation” and at the cost of large-scale unemployment. At the same time the business trend in the individual countries had been characterized by an exceptional degree of diversity due to the growing strength of most European economies and the pursuit in the western hemisphere of policies designed to lighten the impact of a downward adjustment of levels of business activity.

scholarly journals Instruments of Cognizing the Social and Economic Field of Society: Objectives, Challenges and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
N. P. Tishkina ◽  
G. A. Rybina
Keyword(s):  
Positive Development ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rational Organization ◽  
Public Production ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Near Future

Today’s concepts, theories and methodology of classical political economy, economics in general, state and economic governance clearly demonstrate their unsoundness in resolving issues of rational organization of public reproduction by levels of economic management. They are characterized by the subjective-contract and dogmatic tool and the relevant theory of cognition, which are aimed at retaining the discriminative-degrading, religiouspolitical initial model of man and society vital functions in nature, i. e. ‘Tyrant – Victim’. Their alternative is the system-integrated inter-disciplinary methodology providing the development of scientific, objective economic theory, rational practice of state and economic governance of public production, which excludes political mongering, subjectivism and voluntarism. The current internal and external situation in Russia shows that neither traditional public sciences and their leading academics, nor state bodies and their advisers-scientists, nor politicians can produce a variant of further positive development of society and production for the near future. An additional set of notions, categories and tools of cognition supplementary to the traditional one was designed on the basis of approaches put forward by supporters of classical political-economic, biosphere, noosphere and fundamental sciences. It does not reject the accumulated experience, which can be adapted, concretize and correct to improve the quality of research in accordance with the extended totality of objective general, social and economic laws of man and society development in nature.

scholarly journals Interaksionisme Simbolik Aparatus Dan Pekerja Seks Di Bali

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
I Dewa Ayu S Joni ◽  
Ni Nyoman Dewi Pascarani ◽  
Tedi Erviantono
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
The State ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Symbolic Interactions ◽  
Bureaucratic State ◽  
Regional Leaders

This article explores a form of symbolic interaction between the formal security apparatus of the State and sex workers in Bali. The study uses qualitative research methods with data collection methods for interviews and observations. Through this type of research traced the efforts of sex workers to communicate in order to negotiate their interests with the power represented by the local government security apparatus (apparatus). Sanders' (2001) and O'Neill's (2001) study shows sex workers are resistant to control. But in this capacity, sex workers have a communication style to negotiate activities with local state officials. Theory used symbolic interactionism from Blumer. In the field data obtained there are two types of meaning in symbolic interactions. Sex worker as a party spreading disease and violation of morality. Even this is used as building the meaning of the moral image of regional leaders. In this symbolic interaction meaning, sex workers with bureaucratic state apparatus are very dependent on social structures in society which depend on social status, involvement in sex trade organizations, and laws or policies related to the regulation of CSWs. Bali as a world tourism destination prioritizes the basic value of the development of cultural tourism and has never once declared it as sex tourism. It's just ironic that Bali is often used as a transit point for the existence of the trafficking industry before they depart overseas. Bali is used as the main transit of commercial sex workers in the women's trafficking network. Although in the interactionism the symbolic meaning of the repression of the state apparatus is still considered to manifest a patriarchal value system that provides more legal sanctions to service providers in this case sex workers, especially women, than their users, namely men.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI PENGELOLAAN WAKAF PRODUKTIF PADA PIMPINAN DAERAH MUHAMMADIYAH LUMAJANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Hilda Gita Mayasari ◽  
A. Syifa'ul Qulub
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Study Strategy ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Regional Leaders ◽  
Management Functions

This study aims to describe management of productive endowments managed by the Regional Leadership Muhammadiyah Lumajang where in this case a nazhir appointed by the United Muhammadiyah to manage the productive endowments. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach by using case study strategy. Analytical techniques based on theoretical prepositions follow theoretical prepositions that guide case studies. Data validity technique using triangulation technique, that is test the credibility of data that have been obtained by correcting through some technique, like interview, observation, and documentations. The results show that Muhammadiyah Regional Leaders have managed their assets or productively in order to achieve the benefit of Moeslims in Lumajang District. Endowments management conducted by PDM Lumajang is divided into four business charities, namely religion, education, health, social and economic. In the management of productive endowments PDM Lumajang can do several things, namely to perform management functions in the implementation of productive endowments and create jobs for local communities.Keywords: Productive Endowments, Muhammadiyah, Economic Independence

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