Social and Geographic Inequities in the Residential Property Tax: A Review and Case Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harris ◽  
Michael Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
The Social

Although the fact is not widely acknowledged by urban scholars, because of the way that it is administered the property tax helps to shape the social geography of metropolitan areas. Research by public finance specialists has shown that cheap housing is often overassessed, and that variations in assessment ratios (the ratio of assessed to market values) usually favour the suburbs. Sales prices and assessment data from the Hamilton, Ontario, metropolitan area for 1976, 1996, and 1999 confirm these patterns and show that they are persistent. In addition, cross-tabulations by market value and location show that geographical variations in assessment ratios are caused by the inequitable treatment of inexpensive property, not vice versa. A 1998 reassessment made the situation worse. The main difficulty in reducing tax inequities is political, not technical.

Educational Ecosystems and Charter Policy Development in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-785
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Charter Schools ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban District ◽  
The Social

Why have charter schools been embraced as an urban educational solution in many metropolitan areas, but not in others? I develop a theoretical framework whereby the “educational ecosystem” of metropolitan areas—formed through the social geography of school district boundaries and school integration plans—supplement existing perspectives, thereby aiding in the understanding of policy adoption variability. I provide an initial test to the theoretical framework through a case study of a metropolitan hub that continues to have no charter schools: Louisville, Kentucky. I demonstrate how Louisville’s particular urban educational ecosystem, which diverges from the overall national pattern of racially and socioeconomically isolated urban systems, transformed the perceptions of the urban district and shaped the battles over an otherwise nationally popular school reform.

An Alternative Measure of the Degree of Inequity in Assessed Values for Individual Properties: A Theoretical Perspective

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin V. Borland
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Nominal Property ◽  
Definition Of

The Coefficient of Intra-Area Dispersion of assessed value/sale price ratios (COD) is frequently used as a measure of the degree of inequity in assessed values for individual properties. However, to the extent that property tax liabilities are capitalized in the sale prices of individual properties, the COD can be shown to be inconsistent as a measure of the degree of inequity with respect to (1) alternative but a priori reasonable choices for the definition of equity and (2) changes in the nominal property tax rate on assessed value. This second conclusion is valid under each choice for the definition of equity. The Measure of Intra-Area Dispersion of assessed value/market value ratios (MOD) is presented in this article as an alternative measure of the degree of inequity in assessed values. The MOD compares assessed values to hedonic market values based on attributes rather than sale prices. Depending on the choice for the definition of equity, the MOD is preferable. Unlike a distribution of assessed values consistent with the existence of equity with respect to sale price after assessment, the distribution of assessed values consistent with the existence of equity with respect to market value is unique. As such, unlike the COD, the MOD is shown to be insensitive to changes in the nominal property tax rate on assessed value. Therefore, the MOD is reliable.

Compensation study of Boboroku, Jesse, Delta State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Oghenegweke Odudu ◽  
Patience Osaiwie Iruobe
Keyword(s):  
Market Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Full Compensation ◽  
Compensation Claims ◽  
Compulsory Purchase

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine issues of compulsory acquisition, evaluating the quantum of compensation paid to natives of communities whose farmlands are acquired and issues that must be dealt with to provide adequate compensation to claimants. Design/methodology/approach Using an oil well acquisition base in Boboroku, Jesse in Ethiope-West local government area of Delta State as a case study, various compensation claims were examined vis-à-vis market value claims in compulsory acquisition. Findings It was found that many claimants received N1,000.00 (naira) or less as full compensation claims for their crops while families lucky to own lands received more reasonable payments. It was also found that 40 of the 142 claimants in Boboroku community received only N4,146,120.00 as opposed to N8,802,750.00 they should have received under market values. Similarly, 39 claimants in Okuno should have received a market value of N3,195,920.00 as against N1,370,609.00 that was actually paid by the acquiring authority confirming that the rates applied were grossly inadequate. Practical implications It was established that there was no statutory provision for disturbance losses from revocation of land interests. Also, the productivity of economic crops and trees was not considered nor was the computation of claims based on market values. The paper further established that claims should be compensated on the basis of productivity value and life span of interests being acquired and not on arbitrary rates supplied by the acquiring authorities. Originality/value The case study methodology used in this paper enabled contribution to the body of studies which hitherto highlighted the issues of compulsory acquisition and quantum of compensation. It, therefore, adds to the problem-solving framework on compulsory purchase matters in Nigeria.

Global Edge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Portes ◽  
Ariel C. Armony
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Global City ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Us South ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us

Over the last quarter of a century, no other city like Miami has rapidly transformed into a global city. This book charts the social tensions and unexpected consequences of this remarkable process of change. Acting as a follow-up to City on the Edge, this book examines Miami in the context of globalization and scrutinizes its newfound place as a stellar international city. The book examines Miami's rise as a finance and banking center without parallel in the US South to the simultaneous emergence of a highly diverse but contentious ethnic mosaic. The book serves as a case study of Miami's present cultural, economic, and political transformation, and describes how its future course can provide key lessons for other metropolitan areas throughout the world.

scholarly journals DISBALANCE BETWEEN TAX ASSESSMENTS AND MARKET PRICES OF REAL ESTATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
D. Ushatova
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Apartment House ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Tax Assessment ◽  
Price Comparisons ◽  
Property Tax Assessment

The research aims to show some deficiencies in the legal framework including the formation and of property tax assessment and their deviation from the market values. Experimental results of price comparisons of market values in 1 BGN per 1 sq.m. are compared three groups of properties (apartment, house and plot) in selected settlements - district centers. Compare the prices of these properties advertised on a national real estate site and the average price of residential property, according to NSI data with the conditionally calculated value of a tax assessment for each type of property under review. Trends are established for the three-year period and general conclusions are established. Based on the results of the study, some key guidelines are proposed for the formulation of the tax assessment distribution, as well as a forecast / deficit-forecasting model that is formed in municipal budgets as a result of the disproportion between valuations and real prices.

scholarly journals Economic Assessment of South African Urban Green Spaces Using the Proximity Principle: Municipal Valuation vs. Market Value

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Louis Lategan ◽  
Juaneé Cilliers ◽  
Zinea Huston ◽  
Nadia Blaauw ◽  
Sarel Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
South African ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Property Prices ◽  
Proximity Principle

<p>Urban green spaces (UGSs) deliver ecosystem services and potential economic benefits like increases in proximate residential property prices. The proximity principle (PP) premises that property prices increase as distance to UGS decreases. The PP has generally been confirmed by studies using municipal valuations and market values internationally. Conversely, South African studies have mostly employed municipal valuations and results have rejected the PP. There is an accepted interrelationship, but also often discrepancies, between municipal valuations and market values, presenting scope for this article to explore whether negative results are confirmed when market values replace municipal valuations in PP studies in the South African context. Accordingly, a statistical analysis of market values is completed in the Potchefstroom case study, where five test sites are replicated from studies that employed municipal valuations for longitudinal comparison. Results verify generally higher market values than municipal valuations and confirm the PP in two, but reject the PP in three, of five test sites. Previous studies employing municipal valuations in the case study confirmed the PP in one instance, thus presenting certain, but limited, inconsistencies between findings based on municipal valuation vs. market value. Results suggest that the market’s willingness to pay for UGS proximity is sensitive to the ecosystem services and disservices rendered by specific UGS, but not significantly more than reflected in municipal valuations. Overall, findings underscore the need to protect and curate features that encourage willingness to pay for UGS proximity to increase municipal valuations and property taxes to help finance urban greening.</p>

scholarly journals Monetising the social value of inclusive entrepreneurship: the case of the Abono Café social economy enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Virginia Barba Sanchez ◽  
Maria Yolanda Salinero Martin ◽  
Pedro Jimenez Estevez
Keyword(s):  
Social Economy ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Social

The fact that so many people with disabilities are unemployed is a cause for concern among those responsible for employment and creating social policies, and also for families and stakeholders themselves. Self-employment, which is understood as the creation of businesses, could be a means to mitigate this problem. The market evaluation of this type of company should consider not only its economic, but also its social results in terms of both cost savings for various public administrations and the generation of social value. This includes taking advantage of the talent of an important part of the population or increasing the wellbeing of people with disabilities, thus making decent employment possible as regards all that is sought by Sustainable Development Objective (SDA) 8 of the United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030. The objective of this work is, therefore, to monetise the social value of this type of undertaking through the use of a case study: that of the Abono Café company. The results show that the non-market value of this company greatly exceeds its market value, thus confirming its potential to generate social value for its stakeholders. The multiplying effect of the funds that Public Administrations allocate to the promotion of this type of initiative among people with disabilities makes them a useful tool and represents a change in the design of public policies, both on a social and employment level. 

An Expeditious Model for Equalization of Municipal Tax on Real Estate - An Italian Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi de Mare ◽  
Antonio Nesticò
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Economic Inequalities

The current difficulties of the Italian public budget are likely to lead it to exceed the European limit that sets a deficit not superior to 3% of the GDP. It seems that the council property tax regulations, adopted by Legislative Decree 102/2013 last August, will not be transformed into law. The regulations included the abolition of the council tax (IMU), which currently affects buildings in relation to their land value and not their market value. This study developed in equal parts by the two authors is based on the difference, abnormal in the Italian case, between these two values as well as the social and economic inequalities it generates. It proposes an expeditious model capable of reducing the inequality inherent in the mechanism of tax, ensuring the differentiation of the cadastral value at least with respect to the location of the housing, which - together with the construction characteristics contributes to the diversification of the market value of the property.

scholarly journals Individual property tax to fund public transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
E. V. Leontev ◽  
◽  
Yu. V. Leontyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
The Impact

Efficient and reliable public transport is of prime concern to city dwellers. To function efficiently, public transport generally needs subsidies from the state or local government. Our goal was to design and develop an alternative model of property tax that would provide financing for public transport. It was hypothesised that if the market value of real estate depends on the proximity of public transport, property tax can be a reliable source of financing for public transport. Based on the hedonic pricing theory, we used multiple regression to measure the impact of public transport proximity on the value of residential property. The data on the market value of property and property tax was taken from statistical tax reporting forms of the Federal Tax Service. The data on various public transport infrastructure facilities was used from the specialized open registers. We tested our alternative model of property tax, using the case of the Ekaterinburg Metro and the Tram and Trolleybus Company, through regression analysis of 7,685 objects of residential property in the City of Ekaterinburg. It was found that the efficiency of the underground service is higher than that of the city’s tram network. On the average, the proximity of underground stations increases the value of housing by over 6%. As predictive estimation of the amount of tax determined by the proximity of public transport showed, the alternative model of property tax is sufficient to cover capital expenditures of the city’s public transport operators and could, therefore, contribute to further expansion and modernization of the transport network.

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