Market-Area Analysis and Accessibility to Primary Health-Care Centres

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Martin ◽  
H C W L Williams
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Spatial Interaction Models ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Market Areas

In this paper, postcoded data are used to develop spatial interaction models for the registration of individuals with different health centres. With use of a cell-based representation of urban space, indices of accessibility to and market areas for such services are devised. The empirical work relates to a study area in the City of Bristol, and reveals patterns of use of general practitioners at a level of detail not previously available. Some implications for locational planning in the primary health-care sector are also considered.

Reilly's Challenge: New Laws of Retail Gravitation Which Define Systems of Central Places

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Batty
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Spatial Interaction Models ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
New Evidence

This paper attempts a reformulation and generalisation of Reilly's (1931) law of retail gravitation. Reilly himself challenged workers in the field to produce new evidence which would refute or strengthen his law, and developments in spatial-interaction theory during the last decade are used here in taking up this challenge. A critique of Reilly's law sets the scene: By adopting a gravity model more general than the Newtonian model used by Reilly, it is shown how the limitations of the law with respect to hierarchy, spatial competition, locational size, and the symmetry of trade flows, are overcome. In particular the notion of Reilly's law as a special case of the market-area analysis originating from Fetter (1924) and Hotelling (1929) is demonstrated in terms of a theory of the breakpoint implying spatial price–cost indifference. Another approach, through entropy-maximisation and its dual problem, leads to similar conclusions with regard to prices, and it also serves to introduce multicentred spatial competition. These ideas are then generalised in several ways: through notions about the influence of prior spatial information, through concepts of consumer as well as producer market areas or fields, and through the implications of the analysis for the family of spatial-interaction models. A speculation on the relationship of price differentials to Tobler's (1975) interaction winds is made, and the paper is concluded with an application of these models to the definition of an urban hierarchy in the Reading subregion.

Non-Fatal Deliberate Self-Harm in Three Remote Indigenous Communities in Far North Queensland, Australia

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Rouen ◽  
Alan R. Clough ◽  
Caryn West
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Far North ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract. Background: Indigenous Australians experience a suicide rate over twice that of the general population. With nonfatal deliberate self-harm (DSH) being the single most important risk factor for suicide, characterizing the incidence and repetition of DSH in this population is essential. Aims: To investigate the incidence and repetition of DSH in three remote Indigenous communities in Far North Queensland, Australia. Method: DSH presentation data at a primary health-care center in each community were analyzed over a 6-year period from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2011. Results: A DSH presentation rate of 1,638 per 100,000 population was found within the communities. Rates were higher in age groups 15–24 and 25–34, varied between communities, and were not significantly different between genders; 60% of DSH repetitions occurred within 6 months of an earlier episode. Of the 227 DSH presentations, 32% involved hanging. Limitations: This study was based on a subset of a larger dataset not specifically designed for DSH data collection and assesses the subset of the communities that presented to the primary health-care centers. Conclusion: A dedicated DSH monitoring study is required to provide a better understanding of DSH in these communities and to inform early intervention strategies.

Helping rural Vietnam meet its primary health care goals

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Blakeley ◽  
Lan Gien ◽  
Purnima Sen ◽  
Maureen Laryea
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Primary Health
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