Spatial Uncertainty and Spatial Dominance in Interaction Modelling: A Theoretical Perspective on Spatial Competition

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pooler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
Interaction Modelling ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

In this paper a theoretical index of spatial uncertainty is defined, which measures the degree of diversity faced by potential movers in a destination choice set. As a result of variations in attractiveness and distance, destinations are considered to exert varying degrees of spatial dominance on origins and to compete on that basis for the attention of would-be movers. It is hypothesized that at origins where dominances are more uniform, there is ‘less to choose’ among destinations and it is more difficult to predict accurately spatial interaction (and vice versa). The basic concept put forth is that spatial uncertainty and the spatial interaction-model performance are related to the relative location of origins with respect to destinations. The empirical analysis employs data on recreational day travel and population migration.

Hierarchical Destination Choice and Spatial Interaction Modelling: A Simulation Experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 901-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Stewart Fotheringham ◽  
Tomoki Nakaya ◽  
Keiji Yano ◽  
Stan Openshaw ◽  
Yoshitaka Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Spatial Interaction Models ◽  
Interaction Modelling ◽  
Spatial Hierarchy ◽  
Different Levels

A simulation experiment is proposed and undertaken to extend our understanding of the role of the competing destinations spatial interaction model in capturing the effects of hierarchical destination choice. In doing so, we make explicit the linkage between spatial choice behaviour at different levels of a spatial hierarchy. We also make explicit the way in which decisions made at one level of the hierarchy can lead to biased measurements of behaviour at a lower one. This is shown when conventional spatial interaction models are calibrated with interaction data that result from hierarchical destination choice.

Empirically Derived Deterrence Functions for Maximum Performance Spatial Interaction Models

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1067-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Openshaw ◽  
C J Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Spatial Interaction Models ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Models

The relationship between the choice of deterrence function and the goodness of fit of a singly constrained spatial interaction model is examined as a basis for improving model performance. The results show that there is no significant improvement in model goodness of fit until a deterrence-function characterisation is used which is based on a family of functions, with the spatial domain of each function being determined in an approximately optimal manner. These findings are consistent with theoretical research on microlevel trip behaviour and can be used to identify descriptive models which possess maximum levels of performance.

An Alternative Formulation for Spatial-Interaction Modeling

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Tobler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Neumann Boundary ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
Continuous Version ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Interaction Modeling

Elementary geometric assumptions are used to derive a spatial-interaction model in which places are related to each other through a set of simultaneous linear equations. The system has simple properties with respect to aggregation and turnover, yet incorporates spatial competition, adjacency, and effects of geographic shadowing. The objective function satisfied by the model reduces congestion and minimizes the per capita work; solves a quadratic transportation-problem and fulfils in-sum and out-sum constraints. The associated Lagrangians can be interpreted as pushes and pulls, or as shadow prices. A spatially continuous version of the model consists of coupled elliptical partial differential equations with Neumann boundary conditions, solvable by numerical methods. With migration data from the United States of America the model yields an amazingly good fit, better than existing models and with fewer free parameters. Inversion of the model yields an estimate of distances between regions. In-movement rates are predicted from out-movement rates in the model.

Comments on the Urban Spatial-Interaction Model Based on the Intervening-Opportunities Principle

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Chudzyńska ◽  
Z Słodkowski
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Spatial Interaction Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Number Of Equilibria ◽  
Intervening Opportunities

A mathematical model of urban spatial interaction based on the intervening-opportunities principle is discussed and its equilibria are studied. It is shown that, under natural assumptions, the number of equilibria is finite, and a mathematical criterion for distinguishing the equilibrium corresponding to reality is given.

scholarly journals Machiavellians, Unethical Workmates And Intention To Stay: An Empirical Exploration

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ruiz Palomino ◽  
Ricardo Martinez Canas
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Individual Characteristic ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Business Professionals ◽  
Intention To Stay ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Personal Trait ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Machiavellianism is usually studied as an individual characteristic affecting an individual’s ethical/unethical behavior in organizations, turning into an important influential factor in that matter. However, no studies have been conducted to date testing the influence of this personal trait on the individual’s intention to stay, which on the basis of the theoretical perspective of the Resource-Based View of the Firm, have important valuable implications for the organization. Furthermore, no empirical research has been conducted in relation to test the comfort that Machiavellians experiment when an unethical climate is perceived in the organization. This paper will study the effect that a Machiavellian personality has on the individual’s intention to stay and what happens if Machiavellians are within the organization in company of workmates who behave unethically in human interaction. Results obtained through the empirical analysis in a sample of Spanish banking employees are discussed and conclusions and implications both for academics and business professionals are presented.

The unequal commute: Comparing commuting patterns across income and racial worker subgroups

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110688
Author(s):  
Yujie Hu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Harris County ◽  
Commuting Flows ◽  
Choropleth Mapping ◽  
Household Dynamics ◽  
Journey To Work ◽  
Commuting Patterns

The spatial dimension of the journey-to-work has important implications for land use and development policymaking and has been widely studied. One thrust of this research is concerned with the disaggregation of workers into subgroups for understanding disparities in commute. Most of these studies, however, were limited to the disaggregation by single socioeconomic class. Hence, this research aims to examine commuting disparities across commuter subgroups stratified by two socioeconomic variables—income and race—using a visual analytics approach. By applying the doubly constrained spatial interaction model to the 2014 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics data, this research first synthesizes commuting flows for Downtown Houston workers across income-race subgroups at the tract level in Harris County, Texas, USA. It then uses bivariate choropleth mapping to visualize the spatial distributions of major Downtown Houston commuter neighborhoods by income-race classes, and significant commuting disparities are identified across income-race subgroups. The results highlight the importance of considering income and race simultaneously for commuting research. The visualization could help policymakers clearly identify the unequal commute across worker subgroups and inform policymaking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document