Spectral Analysis and Distributed Lags in Geographical Studies of Local Unemployment: 2. Distributed Lags

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Dunn

This is the second part of a two-part paper in which the related topics of spectral analysis and the identification and estimation of distributed-lag models between time series are discussed. This paper is mainly concerned with distributed-lag models, in particular the use of spectral estimators developed by Hannan. A number of previous studies have used the phase statistics from the cross-spectrum as an indication of lead/lag relations between unemployment series, but it is shown here that this is likely to lead to incorrect conclusions. As an empirical example, lead/lag relations between local unemployment in Severnside and the national series are investigated. The correspondence between time-domain (regression) and frequency-domain (spectral) methods of estimating relations between time series is also discussed, using empirical material from both parts of the paper.

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Dunn

This is the first part of a two-part paper in which the related topics of spectral analysis and the identification and estimation of distributed-lag models between time series are discussed. In this paper, the theoretical background of spectral and cross-spectral analysis is discussed in some depth, since in the estimation of the spectrum and cross-spectrum a number of important decisions must be made for which no hard-and-fast rules are available, and which necessitate some theoretical knowledge. Empirical examples of the use of spectral and cross-spectral analysis are presented from a study of local unemployment in the Severnside region.


Physiology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
PM Gootman ◽  
AL Sica

Preference for statistical information from frequency domain rather than time domain analysis becomes apparent when applied to complex neural signals. Further, we demonstrate how power spectral methods reveal significant changes in neonatal sympathetic activity.


Author(s):  
Fabien Bigot ◽  
François-Xavier Sireta ◽  
Eric Baudin ◽  
Quentin Derbanne ◽  
Etienne Tiphine ◽  
...  

Ship transport is growing up rapidly, leading to ships size increase, and particularly for container ships. The last generation of Container Ship is now called Ultra Large Container Ship (ULCS). Due to their increasing sizes they are more flexible and more prone to wave induced vibrations of their hull girder: springing and whipping. The subsequent increase of the structure fatigue damage needs to be evaluated at the design stage, thus pushing the development of hydro-elastic simulation models. Spectral fatigue analysis including the first order springing can be done at a reasonable computational cost since the coupling between the sea-keeping and the Finite Element Method (FEM) structural analysis is performed in frequency domain. On the opposite, the simulation of non-linear phenomena (Non linear springing, whipping) has to be done in time domain, which dramatically increases the computation cost. In the context of ULCS, because of hull girder torsion and structural discontinuities, the hot spot stress time series that are required for fatigue analysis cannot be simply obtained from the hull girder loads in way of the detail. On the other hand, the computation cost to perform a FEM analysis at each time step is too high, so alternative solutions are necessary. In this paper a new solution is proposed, that is derived from a method for the efficient conversion of full scale strain measurements into internal loads. In this context, the process is reversed so that the stresses in the structural details are derived from the internal loads computed by the sea-keeping program. First, a base of distortion modes is built using a structural model of the ship. An original method to build this base using the structural response to wave loading is proposed. Then a conversion matrix is used to project the computed internal loads values on the distortion modes base, and the hot spot stresses are obtained by recombination of their modal values. The Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse is used to minimize the error. In a first step, the conversion procedure is established and validated using the frequency domain hydro-structure model of a ULCS. Then the method is applied to a non-linear time domain simulation for which the structural response has actually been computed at each time step in order to have a reference stress signal, in order to prove its efficiency.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Subrina Tahsin ◽  
Stephen C. Medeiros ◽  
Arvind Singh

The dynamic response of coastal wetlands (CWs) to hydro-meteorological signals is a key indicator for understanding climate driven variations in wetland ecosystems. This study explored the response of CW dynamics to hydro-meteorological signals using time series of Landsat-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values at six locations and hydro-meteorological time-series from 1984 to 2015 in Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Spectral analysis revealed more persistence in NDVI values for forested wetlands in the annual frequency domain, compared to scrub and emergent wetlands. This behavior reversed in the decadal frequency domain, where scrub and emergent wetlands had a more persistent NDVI than forested wetlands. The wetland dynamics were found to be driven mostly by the Apalachicola Bay water level and precipitation. Cross-spectral analysis indicated a maximum time-lag of 2.7 months between temperature and NDVI, whereas NDVI lagged water level by a maximum of 2.2 months. The quantification of persistent behavior and subsequent understanding that CW dynamics are mostly driven by water level and precipitation suggests that the severity of droughts, floods, and storm surges will be a driving factor in the future sustainability of CW ecosystems.


2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Camilo Blanco-Becerra ◽  
Víctor Miranda-Soberanis ◽  
Leticia Hernández-Cadena ◽  
Albino Barraza-Villarreal ◽  
Washington Juner ◽  
...  

Objective. To analyze the association between daily mortality from different causes and acute exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), in Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods. A time-series ecological study was conducted from 1998 to 2006. The association between mortality (due to different causes) and exposure was analyzed using single and distributed lag models and adjusting for potential confounders. Results. For all ages, the cumulative effect of acute mortality from all causes and respiratory causes increased 0.71% (95%CI 0.46-0.96) and 1.43% (95%CI 0.85-2.00), respectively, per 10µg/m3 increment in daily average PM10 with a lag of three days before death. Cumulative effect of mortality from cardiovascular causes was -0.03% (95%CI -0.49-0.44%) with the same lag. Conclusions. The results suggest an association between an increase in PM10 concentrations and acute mortality from all causes and respiratory causes.


2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
G. Hloupis ◽  
M. Moisidi ◽  
F. Vallianatos ◽  
J. P. Makris ◽  
J. Stonham ◽  
...  

The reconstruction of gapped microtremors recordings with the aid of CLEAN algorithm, which originally developed for spectral analysis of unevenly spaced time series, is studied. As proved in previous relative studies the algorithm has the ability to "clean" the spectrum of a discrete signal from artifacts and additionally (through an Inverse DFT) to reconstruct the signal in time domain. We studied the algorithm's effectiveness of reconstruction in microtremors recordings. We saw that for continuous gap with length up to 10% of the total length of microtremor recording, the algorithm was able to reconstruct efficiently.


1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Brandes ◽  
J. Farley ◽  
M. Hinich ◽  
U. Zackrisson

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document