Simulation of blood flow past distal arteriovenous-graft anastomosis with intimal hyperplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 051905
Author(s):  
Luoding Zhu ◽  
Kaoru Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Arteriovenous Graft ◽  
Flow Past

scholarly journals The role of oxygen transport in atherosclerosis and vascular disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (165) ◽  
pp. 20190732 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tarbell ◽  
Marwa Mahmoud ◽  
Andrea Corti ◽  
Luis Cardoso ◽  
Colin Caro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Intimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Vasa Vasorum ◽  
Mechanical Factors

Atherosclerosis and vascular disease of larger arteries are often associated with hypoxia within the layers of the vascular wall. In this review, we begin with a brief overview of the molecular changes in vascular cells associated with hypoxia and then emphasize the transport mechanisms that bring oxygen to cells within the vascular wall. We focus on fluid mechanical factors that control oxygen transport from lumenal blood flow to the intima and inner media layers of the artery, and solid mechanical factors that influence oxygen transport to the adventitia and outer media via the wall's microvascular system—the vasa vasorum (VV). Many cardiovascular risk factors are associated with VV compression that reduces VV perfusion and oxygenation. Dysfunctional VV neovascularization in response to hypoxia contributes to plaque inflammation and growth. Disturbed blood flow in vascular bifurcations and curvatures leads to reduced oxygen transport from blood to the inner layers of the wall and contributes to the development of atherosclerotic plaques in these regions. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a critical transcription factor associated with hypoxia, is also activated in disturbed flow by a mechanism that is independent of hypoxia. A final section of the review emphasizes hypoxia in vascular stenting that is used to enlarge vessels occluded by plaques. Stenting can compress the VV leading to hypoxia and associated intimal hyperplasia. To enhance oxygen transport during stenting, new stent designs with helical centrelines have been developed to increase blood phase oxygen transport rates and reduce intimal hyperplasia. Further study of the mechanisms controlling hypoxia in the artery wall may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.

scholarly journals Cryoplasty of the Venous Anastomosis for Prevention of Intimal Hyperplasia in a Validated Porcine Arteriovenous Graft Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J.T.A.M. Huijbregts ◽  
G.J. de Borst ◽  
W.B. Veldhuis ◽  
H.J.M. Verhagen ◽  
E. Velema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Arteriovenous Graft ◽  
Venous Anastomosis

scholarly journals Compromise of renal transplant blood flow by an arteriovenous graft

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2644-2646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Symington ◽  
Behdad Afzali ◽  
Iain MacPhee ◽  
Eric S. Chemla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Arteriovenous Graft

Intimal hyperplasia: The permeation of serum-derived substance into the arterial autovein graft under abnormal blood flow

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masazumi Kuroki ◽  
Kenichiro Okadome ◽  
Kiyoshi Inokuchi ◽  
Keizo Sugimachi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intimal Hyperplasia

scholarly journals Collagen External Scaffolds Mitigate Intimal Hyperplasia and Improve Remodeling of Vein Grafts in a Rabbit Arteriovenous Graft Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Li ◽  
Shoudong Chai ◽  
Longsheng Dai ◽  
Chengxiong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Intimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Arteriovenous Graft ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Autogenous Vein ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Objectives. The aim of this study was to test the effects of collagen external scaffold (CES) in intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods. Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into no-graft group, graft group, and CES group. The rabbit arteriovenous graft model was established. In CES group, the vein graft was wrapped around with CES. The hemodynamic parameters of vein grafts were measured intraoperatively and 4 weeks after operation by ultrasonic examination. Histological characteristics of vein grafts were also evaluated 4 weeks later. The mRNA and protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), active cleaved-caspase-3 (ClvCasp-3), and smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) were measured 4 weeks later by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Results. CES significantly improved the hemodynamic stability of vein grafts, with higher blood velocity and blood flow. Similarly, CES also markedly mitigated intimal hyperplasia and inhibited dilatation of vein grafts. In CES group, the upexpression of PCNA and ClvCasp-3 and the downexpression of SM22α were inhibited. Conclusion. CES exerts beneficial effects in mitigating intimal hyperplasia and improving remodeling of autogenous vein grafts, which may be associated with reducing the proliferation and apoptosis and preserving the phenotype of VSMCs.

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