A multiple pin Langmuir probe for the measurement of the electric field drift and its spatial derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 023512
Author(s):  
R. Barni ◽  
P. Alex ◽  
C. Riccardi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Langmuir Probe ◽  
Spatial Derivatives ◽  
Field Drift

scholarly journals Mapping of steady-state electric fields and convective drifts in geomagnetic fields – Part 1: Elementary models

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Walker ◽  
G. J. Sofko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Magnetic Field Line ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Field Models ◽  
Spatial Derivatives ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. When studying magnetospheric convection, it is often necessary to map the steady-state electric field, measured at some point on a magnetic field line, to a magnetically conjugate point in the other hemisphere, or the equatorial plane, or at the position of a satellite. Such mapping is relatively easy in a dipole field although the appropriate formulae are not easily accessible. They are derived and reviewed here with some examples. It is not possible to derive such formulae in more realistic geomagnetic field models. A new method is described in this paper for accurate mapping of electric fields along field lines, which can be used for any field model in which the magnetic field and its spatial derivatives can be computed. From the spatial derivatives of the magnetic field three first order differential equations are derived for the components of the normalized element of separation of two closely spaced field lines. These can be integrated along with the magnetic field tracing equations and Faraday's law used to obtain the electric field as a function of distance measured along the magnetic field line. The method is tested in a simple model consisting of a dipole field plus a magnetotail model. The method is shown to be accurate, convenient, and suitable for use with more realistic geomagnetic field models.

The martian plasma environment: electric field and Langmuir probe diagnostics

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1232-1236
Author(s):  
L.G. Blomberg ◽  
J.A. Cumnock ◽  
A.I. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Langmuir Probe ◽  
Plasma Environment ◽  
Probe Diagnostics

CRRES electric field/Langmuir probe instrument

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Wygant ◽  
P. R. Harvey ◽  
D. Pankow ◽  
F. S. Mozer ◽  
N. Maynard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Langmuir Probe

scholarly journals The Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) on the C/NOFS Satellite

2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pfaff ◽  
P. Uribe ◽  
R. Fourre ◽  
J. Kujawski ◽  
N. Maynard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Langmuir Probe ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
High Time ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Sphere Diameter ◽  
Nasa Goddard Space ◽  
Ac Electric Field

AbstractThe Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) on the C/NOFS satellite comprises a suite of sensors controlled by one central electronics box. The primary measurement consists of a vector DC and AC electric field detector which extends spherical sensors with embedded pre-amps at the ends of six, 9.5-m booms forming three orthogonal detectors with baselines of 20 m tip-to-tip each. The primary VEFI measurement is the DC electric field at 16 vectors/sec with an accuracy of 0.5 mV/m. The electric field receiver also measures the broad spectra of irregularities associated with equatorial spread-F and related ionospheric processes that create the scintillations responsible for the communication and navigation outages for which the C/NOFS mission is designed to understand and predict. The AC electric field measurements range from ELF to HF frequencies.VEFI includes a flux-gate magnetometer providing DC measurements at 1 vector/sec and AC-coupled measurements at 16 vector/sec, as well as a fast, fixed-bias Langmuir probe that serves as the input signal to trigger the VEFI burst memory collection of high time resolution wave data when plasma density depletions are encountered in the low latitude nighttime ionosphere. A bi-directional optical lightning detector designed by the University of Washington (UW) provides continuous average lightning counts at different irradiance levels as well as high time resolution optical lightning emissions captured in the burst memory. The VEFI central electronics box receives inputs from all of the sensors and includes a configurable burst memory with 1–8 channels at sample rates as high as 32 ks/s per channel. The VEFI instrument is thus one experiment with many sensors. All of the instruments were designed, built, and tested at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center with the exception of the lightning detector which was designed at UW. The entire VEFI instrument was delivered on budget in less than 2 years.VEFI included a number of technical advances and innovative features described in this article. These include: (1) Two independent sets of 3-axis, orthogonal electric field double probes; (2) Motor-driven, pre-formed cylinder booms housing signal wires that feed pre-amps within tip-mounted spherical sensors; (3) Extended shadow equalizers (2.5 times the sphere diameter) to mitigate photoelectron shadow mismatch for sun angles along the boom directions, particularly important at sunrise/sunset for a low inclination satellite; (4) DC-coupled electric field channels with “boosted” or pre-emphasized amplitude response at ELF frequencies; (5) Miniature multi-channel spectrum analyzers using hybrid technology; (6) Dual-channel optical lightning detector with on-board comparators and counters for 7 irradiance levels with high-time-resolution data capture; (7) Spherical Langmuir probe with Titanium Nitride-coated sensor element and guard; (8) Selectable data rates including 200 kbps (fast), 20 kbps (nominal), and 2 kbps (low for real-time TDRSS communication); and (9) Highly configurable burst memory with selectable channels, sample rates and number, duration, and precursor length of bursts, chosen based on best triggering algorithm “score”.This paper describes the various sensors that constitute the VEFI experiment suite and discusses their operation during the C/NOFS mission. Examples of data are included to illustrate the performance of the different sensors in space.

Science opportunities with a double Langmuir probe and electric field experiment for JIMO

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2110-2119
Author(s):  
J-E. Wahlund ◽  
L.G. Blomberg ◽  
M. Morooka ◽  
J.A. Cumnock ◽  
M. André ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Langmuir Probe

Static and dynamic effects of chirality in dielectric media

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (24) ◽  
pp. 1650319 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Lakes
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Magnetic Induction ◽  
Constitutive Equations ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Elastic Materials ◽  
Dielectric Media ◽  
Generalized Continuum ◽  
Spatial Derivatives

Chiral dielectrics are considered from the perspective of continuum representations of spatial heterogeneity. Static effects in isotropic chiral dielectrics are predicted, provided the electric field has nonzero third spatial derivatives. The effects are compared with static chiral phenomena in Cosserat elastic materials which obey generalized continuum constitutive equations. Dynamic monopole-like magnetic induction is predicted in chiral dielectric media.

Simulation Study on Reproducing Resistive Switching Effect by Soret and Fick Diffusion in Resistive Random Access Memory

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
pp. 3373-3378
Author(s):  
Kentaro Kinoshita ◽  
Ryosuke Koishi ◽  
Takumi Moriyama ◽  
Kouki Kawano ◽  
Hidetoshi Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Resistive Switching ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Experimental Fact ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Set Switching ◽  
Field Drift

ABSTRACTIt is widely received that resistive switching in electrode (EL)/metal oxide (MO)/EL cell is caused by formation and rupture of a conductive filament (CF) consisting of oxygen vacancies, VO’s. However, driving forces that migrate VO’s are not elucidated yet. Considering an experimental fact that good data endurance more than 106 cycles is often observed, an isotropic driving force that gathers oxygen vacancies and form a CF for set switching is required instead of an electric field drift that is widely received as the driving force of set switching.In this paper, we reexamined driving forces and succeeded in reproducing pulse response data for wide rise time, trise, range by simulating VO migration assuming Fick and Soret diffusion, without including the electric-field drift. Therefore, it was suggested that controlling T distribution considering the waveforms of write/erase pulses and the thermodynamic parameters of ELs as well as MO is crucial for the optimization of switching speed of ReRAM.

scholarly journals The Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) on the C/NOFS Satellite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pfaff ◽  
Paulo Uribe ◽  
Remy Fourre ◽  
Joe Kujawski ◽  
Nelson Maynard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Langmuir Probe ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
High Time ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Sphere Diameter ◽  
Nasa Goddard Space ◽  
Ac Electric Field

Abstract The Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) on the C/NOFS satellite comprises a suite of sensors controlled by one central electronics box. The primary measurement consists of a vector DC and AC electric field detector which extends spherical sensors with embedded pre-amps at the ends of six, 9.5-m booms forming three orthogonal detectors with baselines of 20 m tip-to-tip each. The primary VEFI measurement is the DC electric field at 16 vectors/sec with an accuracy of 0.5 mV/m. The electric field receiver also measures the broad spectra of irregularities associated with equatorial spread-F and related ionospheric processes that create the scintillations responsible for the communication and navigation outages for which the C/NOFS mission is designed to understand and predict. The AC electric field measurements range from ELF to HF frequencies. VEFI includes a flux-gate magnetometer providing DC measurements at 1 vector/sec and AC-coupled measurements at 16 vector/sec, as well as a fast, fixed-bias Langmuir probe that serves as the input signal to trigger the VEFI burst memory collection of high time resolution wave data when plasma density depletions are encountered in the low latitude nighttime ionosphere. A bi-directional optical lightning detector designed by the University of Washington (UW) provides continuous average lightning counts at different irradiance levels as well as high time resolution optical lightning emissions captured in the burst memory. The VEFI central electronics box receives inputs from all of the sensors and includes a configurable burst memory with 1-8 channels at sample rates as high as 32 ks/s per channel. The VEFI instrument is thus one experiment with many sensors. All of the instruments were designed, built, and tested at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center with the exception of the lightning detector which was designed at UW. The entire VEFI instrument was delivered on budget in less than 2 years.VEFI included a number of technical advances and innovative features described in this article. These include: (1)Two independent sets of 3-axis, orthogonal electric field double probes; (2) Motor-driven, pre-formed cylinder booms housing signal wires that feed pre-amps within tip-mounted spherical sensors; (3) Extended shadow equalizers (2.5 times the sphere diameter) to mitigate photoelectron shadow mismatch for sun angles along the boom directions, particularly important at sunrise/sunset for a low inclination satellite; (4) DC-coupled electric field channels with “boosted” or pre-emphasized amplitude response at ELF frequencies; (5) Miniature multi-channel spectrum analyzers using hybrid technology; (6) Dual-channel optical lightning detector with on-board comparators and counters for 7 irradiance levels with high-time-resolution data capture; (7) Spherical Langmuir probe with Titanium Nitride-coated sensor element and guard; (8) Selectable data rates including 200 kbps (fast), 20 kbps (nominal), and 2 kbps (low for real-time TDRSS communication); and (9) Highly configurable burst memory with selectable channels, sample rates and number, duration, and precursor length of bursts, chosen based on best triggering algorithm “score”.This paper describes the various sensors that constitute the VEFI experiment suite and discusses their operation during the C/NOFS mission. Examples of data are included to illustrate the performance of the different sensors in space.

scholarly journals Time evolution of the electric field using the rapid expansion method with pseudospectral evaluation of spatial derivatives — Part 2: Inclusion of anisotropy and the earth-air interface

Geophysics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. E323-E335
Author(s):  
Yikuo Liu ◽  
Anton Ziolkowski ◽  
Paul L. Stoffa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Electromagnetic Modeling ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Time Domain Electromagnetic ◽  
Transverse Isotropic ◽  
Spatial Derivatives

We have evaluated an extension of the 3D 3C rapid-expansion method for time-domain electromagnetic modeling with pseudospectral evaluation of spatial derivatives that includes anisotropic conductivity and the earth-air interface. We found that transverse isotropic anisotropy can be included in the modeling with the manipulation of the conductivity tensor. We model the response of the earth-air interface by using the upward continuation of the time derivative of the magnetic induction. All three electric field components are collocated with the electric conductivities and are modeled independently and simultaneously with spectral accuracy in space and time. Numerical tests against the analytical solution for a half-space and spectral methods for 1D anisotropic layered earth models demonstrate the excellent accuracy of this approach.

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