scholarly journals Shock focusing effects on silica phase production during cyclotrimethylene trinitramine/2,4,6-trinitrotoluene detonations

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 045901
Author(s):  
Martin Langenderfer ◽  
William G. Fahrenholtz ◽  
Jeffrey Heniff ◽  
Lily Nguyen ◽  
Jeremy Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Focusing ◽  
Silica Phase ◽  
Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine ◽  
Phase Production

scholarly journals Detonation initiation by shock focusing at elevated pressure conditions in a pulse detonation combustor

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175682772092171
Author(s):  
Fabian E Habicht ◽  
Fatma C Yücel ◽  
Joshua AT Gray ◽  
Christian O Paschereit
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Detonation Initiation ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Shock Focusing ◽  
Pulse Detonation

This work contains experimental investigations on the correlation of the detonation initiation process via a shock-focusing device with various initial pressures and mass flow rates. A pulse detonation combustor is operated with stoichiometric hydrogen--air--oxygen mixtures in single cycle operation. A rotationally symmetric shock-focusing geometry evokes the onset of a detonation by the focusing of the reflected leading shock wave, while a blockage plate at the rear end of the test rig is applied to induce an elevated initial pressure. The results show that the reactivity has a major influence on the success rate of detonation initiation. However, measurements with different blockage plates suggest that the mass flow rate has to be considered as well when predicting the success rate. Three main statements can be drawn from the results. (1) An increase in the mean flow velocity induces higher velocity fluctuations which result in a stronger leading shock ahead of the accelerating deflagration front. (2) An increase in the initial static pressure reduces the critical shock strength that must be exceeded to ensure successful detonation initiation by shock focusing. (3) Since the initial pressure is directly linked to the mass flow rate, these contrary trends can cancel each other out, which could be observed for 40% vol. of oxygen in the oxidizer. High-speed images were taken, which confirm that the detonation is initiated in the center of the converging--diverging nozzle due to focusing of the leading shock.

Size exclusion chromatography of petroleum samples using amino-bonded silica phase

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 120914
Author(s):  
Saroj K. Panda ◽  
Thunayyan A. Al-Qunaysi ◽  
Mohammed Al Taha ◽  
Dominic J. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Silica Phase ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

ZIEGLER-NATTA PROPYLENE POLYMERIZATION IN GAS PHASE: PRODUCTION OF HIGHLY ISOTACTIC POLYMERS

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Doi ◽  
Ichiro Okura ◽  
Tominaga Keii
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Propylene Polymerization ◽  
Phase Production

On the impact testing of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine crystals with different internal qualities

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 093517 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. B. Bouma ◽  
A. G. Boluijt ◽  
H. J. Verbeek ◽  
A. E. D. M. van der Heijden
Keyword(s):  
Impact Testing ◽  
Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine ◽  
The Impact

Ab Initio Study of Electronic Structure of RDX Molecular Crystal

1992 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Gao ◽  
Ravindra Pandey ◽  
A. Barry Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Molecular Crystal ◽  
Perfect Crystal ◽  
Local Region ◽  
Molecular Cluster ◽  
Ab Initio Study ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine ◽  
Defective Crystal

AbstractAn embedded molecular cluster model is used to study the electronic structure of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine(RDX) molecular crystal. In this model, a molecular cluster describing a local region of the crystal is treated in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The embedding lattice is represented by multipoles that are determined quantum-mechanically. Cluster-lattice orthogonality is achieved by transforming canonical orbitals to orbitals which are localized on individual molecular sites by means of a self-consistent localization potential. Results for the free molecule and the perfect crystal demonstrate the domination of three N-NO2 groups on intermolecular properties. For the defective crystal, results show a significant distortion in the electronic structure caused by local deformations in the lattice that may account for the formation of hot spots.

Effect of Reactor Shape and Gas Mixing on Gas Phase Production of Fine SiO2 Particles by Hydrolysis of Tetramethoxysilane

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori Kojima ◽  
Kengo Tachi ◽  
Jun-ichi Sakai ◽  
Shigeru Kato ◽  
Shigeo Satokawa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Gas Mixing ◽  
Sio2 Particles ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Phase Production
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