scholarly journals The deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in high density pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schulze ◽  
Ian Lopez-Pulliam ◽  
Eric Heatwole ◽  
Trevor Feagin ◽  
Gary Parker
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate ◽  
Deflagration To Detonation Transition ◽  
Detonation Transition

An experimental study of the deflagration-to-detonation transition in granular secondary explosives

1995 ◽  
Vol 448 (1934) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Reactive Materials ◽  
Deflagration To Detonation Transition ◽  
Detonation Transition ◽  
Secondary Explosive

The deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) has been studied in prepared columns of granular secondary explosive. The secondary explosives 2- (5-cyanotetrazolato) pentammine cobalt (III) perchlorate (CP) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) were chosen for the study due to their known propensity to undergo DDT within a few millimetres of ignition. Confinement of CP columns within polycarbonate and PETN within metallic confinement fitted with slit windows allowed direct high-speed streak photography of the events. Deflagration and detonation velocities and the run-to-detonation lengths were measured as a function of charge pressed density. Ignition of the explosive column was attained thermally through a copper barrier with a gasless pyrotechnic. Deflagration and detonation velocities were seen to depend strongly upon pressed density with both explosives. There appeared to be a maximum density conducive to DDT with both explosives but no minimum with CP. Studies of DDT continue to have interest for the safe storage and use of reactive materials, and for the development of a detonator based on a secondary explosive.

scholarly journals On The Deflagration to Detonation Transition in 1.65 g cm-3 Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Andreas Schulze ◽  
Gary Robert Jr. Parker ◽  
Ian Daniel Lopez-Pulliam ◽  
Trevor Alexander Feagin ◽  
Eric Mann Heatwole
Keyword(s):  
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate ◽  
Deflagration To Detonation Transition ◽  
Detonation Transition

RANKING OF FUEL-AIR MIXTURES IN TERMS OF THEIR PROPENSITYTO DEFLAGRATION-TO-DETONATION TRANSITION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. FROLOV ◽  
◽  
V. I. ZVEGINTSEV ◽  
V. S. AKSENOV ◽  
I. V. BILERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detonation Wave ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Deflagration To Detonation Transition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Reactive Mixture ◽  
Detonation Transition ◽  
The One ◽  
Energy Converting

The term "detonability" with respect to fuel-air mixtures (FAMs) implies the ability of a reactive mixture of a given composition to support the propagation of a stationary detonation wave in various thermodynamic and gasdynamic conditions. The detonability of FAMs, on the one hand, determines their explosion hazards during storage, transportation, and use in various sectors of the economy and, on the other hand, the possibility of their practical application in advanced energy-converting devices operating on detonative pressure gain combustion.

DEFLAGRATION-TO-DETONATION TRANSITION IN A STRATIFIED SYSTEM “GASEOUS OXYGEN-LIQUID FILM OF N-DECANE”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. FROLOV ◽  
◽  
V. S. AKSENOV ◽  
I. O. SHAMSHIN ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Ignition Source ◽  
Gaseous Oxygen ◽  
Deflagration To Detonation Transition ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Continuous Detonation ◽  
Smooth Channel ◽  
Detonation Transition ◽  
Run Up ◽  
X 24

Deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in the system “gaseous oxygen- liquid film of n-decane” ' with a weak ignition source was obtained experimentally. In a series of experiments with ignition by an exploding wire that generates a weak primary shock wave (SW) with a Mach number ranging from 1.03 to 1.4, the DDT with the detonation run-up distances 1 to 4 m from the ignition source and run-up time 3 ms to 1.7 s after ignition was observed in a straight smooth channel of rectangular 54 x 24-millimeter cross section, 3 and 6 m in length with one open end. The DDT is obtained for relatively thick films with a thickness of 0. 3-0.5 mm, which corresponds to very high values of the overall fuel-to-oxygen equivalence ratios of 20-40. The registered velocity of the detonation wave (DW) was 1400-1700 m/s. In a number of experiments, a high-velocity quasi-stationary detonation-like combustion front was recorded running at an average velocity of 700-1100 m/s. Its structure includes the leading SW followed by the reaction zone with a time delay of 90 to 190 s. The obtained results are important for the organization of the operation process in advanced continuous-detonation and pulsed-detonation combustors of rocket and air-breathing engines with the supply of liquid fuel in the form of a wall film.

Flame Speed and Deflagration-Detonation Analysis in Flare Stack and Header

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Diwakar ◽  
Jaleel Valappil
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Deflagration To Detonation Transition ◽  
Detonation Transition

This paper examines safety concerns related to flame speeds when warm relief gas snuffs out the pilot at the flare stack and pulls in ambient air and a spark ignites the vapor in the header. The flame speed essentially determines if the propagating flame speed is a deflagration or a detonation based on whether its subsonic or supersonic. While pipes are sized for deflagrations, they need to be analyzed and tested for detonation pressures and temperatures. Transient CFD calculations help determine the flame speeds, deflagration to detonation transition, pressures and temperatures are compared to pipe specifications and help determine if a detonation leads to a Loss of Containment and suggests mitigations.

scholarly journals Heating of the fuel mixture due to viscous stress ahead of accelerating flames in deflagration-to-detonation transition

2008 ◽  
Vol 372 (27-28) ◽  
pp. 4850-4857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Valiev ◽  
Vitaly Bychkov ◽  
V'yacheslav Akkerman ◽  
Lars-Erik Eriksson ◽  
Mattias Marklund
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Viscous Stress ◽  
Deflagration To Detonation Transition ◽  
Detonation Transition
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