The experimental investigations of imploding plasma as a source of hard x-ray

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. L. Bakshaev ◽  
A. V. Bartov ◽  
P. I. Blinov ◽  
A. S. Chernenko ◽  
S. A. Dan’ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Phase Relations in the ZrO2-MgO-FeOx System: Experimental Data and Assessment of Thermodynamic Parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Saenko ◽  
O. Fabrichnaya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Preliminary Phase ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThermodynamic parameters were assessed for the MgO–FeOx system and combined with already available descriptions of ZrO2-FeOx and ZrO2-MgO systems to calculate preliminary phase diagrams for planning experimental investigations. Samples of selected compositions were heat treated at 1523, 1673 and 1873 K and characterized using x-ray and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Experiments indicated extension of cubic ZrO2 solid solution into the ternary system at 1873 K (75 mol.% ZrO2, 10 mol.% FeOx and 15 mol.% MgO) and limited solubility of 4 mol.% ZrO2 in spinel phase. Based on the obtained results thermodynamic parameters of C-ZrO2 and spinel phase were optimized.

scholarly journals MEASURING DISPLACEMENT AND VELOCITY OF A STRIKER USING A RADIO-INTERFEROMETER

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
V. V. Balandin ◽  
V. V. Balandin ◽  
V. V. Parkhachev
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Radio Interferometer ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Impact Interaction ◽  
Ballistic Experiment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Investigating impact interaction of solid and deformed bodies with obstacles of various physical natures requires developing experimental methodologies of registering the parameters of the interaction process. In experimental investigations of impact interaction of solids, it is common practice to measure displacement of strikers as a function of time, as well as their velocity and deceleration. To determine the displacement and velocity of a striker, a radio-interferometric methodology of registering the displacement of its rear end is proposed. In contrast with the registration methods based on high-speed filming and pulsed X-ray photography, the method using a millimeter-range radio-interferometer provides continuous high-accuracy registering of the displacement of the rear end of a striker in a wide range of displacement values. To test the effectiveness of the methodology, a series of experiments have been conducted on registering the motion of a cylindrical striker of an aluminum alloy, fired from a 20mm-dia gas gun. The displacement of the striker was also monitored using high-speed filming. The results of measuring using the two methodologies differ within the limits of the error of measurement. Based on the results of the above experiments, it has been concluded that the methodology of determining the displacement and velocity of strikers in a ballistic experiment using a mm-range radio-interferometer makes it possible to measure practically continuously large displacements (100 mm and larger) to a safe accuracy. The present methodology can be used for measuring the displacement and velocity of the rear end of a striker interacting with obstacles of various physical natures (metals, ceramics, soils, concretes, etc.).

PHASE CONJUGATED LASERS APPLIED TO X-RAY GENERATION

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. HACKEL ◽  
C.B. DANE ◽  
L.E. ZAPATA ◽  
M.R. HERMANN
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Repetition Frequency ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
High Average Power ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Projection Lithography ◽  
Laser Driver ◽  
Laser Systems ◽  
Frequency Laser ◽  
Ray Projection

Three laser systems that are being developed for use in X-ray generation which incorporate SBS phase conjugate mirrors are described. A 25 J/pulse Nd:glass laser is being developed for commercial proximity print X-ray lithography; a 0.5 J/pulse, 1.3 kHz pulse repetition frequency laser is being built for soft X-ray projection lithography; and a 1 kJ/pulse laser driver for a table top X-ray laser has been designed. The results of prototypical experimental investigations are presented and the basic design principles for high average power phase conjugated laser systems shared by each of these lasers are discussed.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigations of the Interaction of SO2 with MgO

1999 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Freitag ◽  
J. A. Rodriguez ◽  
J. Z. Larese
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Programmed Desorption ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
X Ray Absorption

ABSTRACTHigh resolution adsorption isotherms, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) methods were used to investigate the interaction of SO2 with high quality MgO powders. The results of these investigations indicate that when SO2 is deposited on MgO in monolayer quantities at temperatures near 100K both SO3 and SO4 species form that are not removed by simply pumping on the pre-dosed samples at room temperature. TPD and XANES studies indicate that heating of pre-dosed MgO samples to temperatures above 350 °C is required for full removal of the SO3/SO4 species. XANES measurements made as a function of film thickness indicate for coverages near monolayer completion that the SO4 species form first.

Experimental Analysis of Shot Peening on Carburized or Carbonitrided Parts

2011 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Renaud ◽  
Philippe Bristiel ◽  
Laurent Barrallier ◽  
Marc Desvignes ◽  
Regis Kubler
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

This experimental study focuses on the influence of shot peening on parts initially treated by carburizing or carbonitriding. Experimental investigations have been carried out: optical observations of the microstructures, in-depth hardness measurement, X-ray diffraction analysis of residual stresses. A comparison is made between the carburizing anad the carbonitriding treatments.

Synthese und Molekülgeometrie von Dichloro[η2-bis(di-r-butylphosphino)methan]pIatin(II), Pt(dtbpm)Cl2. Die Elektronenstruktur von 1,3-Diphosphaplatinacyclobutan-Fragmenten / Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Dichloro[η2-bis(di-t-butylphosphino)methane]platinum(II), Pt(dtbpm)Cl2. The Electronic Structure of 1,3-Diphosphaplatinacyclobutane Fragments

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hofmann ◽  
Helmut Heiß ◽  
Gerhard Müller
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structure ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Molecular Orbital Calculations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Precursor

Based upon the experimentally known but yet unexplained very different reactivities of the two isoelectronic and isolobal intermediates Pt(PMe3)2 and Pt(PEt3)2, the electronic structure and bonding capability of such 14 electron fragments as a function of their geometry (P-Pt-P angle α, determined by the phosphane cone angle) are investigated using molecular orbital calculations. A decrease of the P-Pt -P angle leads to an exceptionally pronounced energy ascent of the b2-HOMO of Pt(PR3)2 species, which, as a consequence, might lead to unusual reactivity patterns and bonding capabilities of 1,3-diphosphaplatinacyclobutane fragments, for which an extreme electronic situation is enforced by steric constraints. Dichloro[η2-bis(di-r-butylphosphino) methane]platinum(II), Pt(dtbpm)Cl2, is synthesized as a potential precursor of Pt(dtbpm), in order to allow experimental investigations of this taylor made four-membered ring chelate complex of Pt(0). The crystal and molecular structure of Pt(dtbpm)Cl2 · 2 CHCl3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals Solving self-absorption in fluorescence

IUCrJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Trevorah ◽  
Christopher T. Chantler ◽  
Martin J. Schalken
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Accuracy Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Photon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Consistent Method ◽  
X Ray Absorption

One of the most common types of experiment in X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measures the secondary inelastically scattered fluorescence photon. This widespread approach has a dominant systematic of self-absorption of the fluorescence photon. The large impact of self-absorption compromises accuracy, analysis and insight. Presented here is a detailed self-consistent method to correct for self-absorption and attenuation in fluorescence X-ray measurements. This method and the resulting software package can be applied to any fluorescence data, for XAS or any other experimental approach detecting fluorescence or inelastically scattered radiation, leading to a general solution applicable to a wide range of experimental investigations. The high intrinsic accuracy of the processed data allows these features to be well modelled and yields deeper potential insight.

scholarly journals Recent innovations in membrane-protein structural biology

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P Allen
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Instrumentation

Innovations are expanding the capabilities of experimental investigations of the structural properties of membrane proteins. Traditionally, three-dimensional structures have been determined by measuring x-ray diffraction using protein crystals with a size of least 100 μm. For membrane proteins, achieving crystals suitable for these measurements has been a significant challenge. The availabilities of micro-focus x-ray beams and the new instrumentation of x-ray free-electron lasers have opened up the possibility of using submicrometer-sized crystals. In addition, advances in cryo-electron microscopy have expanded the use of this technique for studies of protein crystals as well as studies of individual proteins as single particles. Together, these approaches provide unprecedented opportunities for the exploration of structural properties of membrane proteins, including dynamical changes during protein function.

scholarly journals Testing of a `hard' X-ray interferometer for experimental investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
Tigran H. Eyramjyan ◽  
Mesrop H. Mesropyan ◽  
Tamara S. Mnatsakanyan ◽  
Minas K. Balyan
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Constant Thickness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Goniometer Head

A `hard' X-ray LLL interferometer is tested for experimental investigations. The interferometer has both a base and a `ceiling', which are rigidly connected through columns. As a result, the interferometer does not have uncontrollable preliminary moiré. The intensity distribution is uniform in the interfering beams. It is shown that the interferometer is very sensitive to minor mechanical stresses. As a result, the interferometer must be freely placed on the goniometer head. Constant-thickness fringes are obtained using a wedge with a vertically placed apex. The volumes available for specimen placement are limited due to the existence of the ceiling. These difficulties can be overcome. The hard interferometer can be used for object and deformation investigations.

scholarly journals In Situ Wettability Investigation of Aging of Sandstone Surface in Alkane via X-ray Microtomography

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5594
Author(s):  
Nilesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Maxim Lebedev ◽  
Stefan Iglauer ◽  
Jitendra S. Sangwai ◽  
Mohammad Sarmadivaleh
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angles ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sandstone Rock

Wettability of surfaces remains of paramount importance for understanding various natural and artificial colloidal and interfacial phenomena at various length and time scales. One of the problems discussed in this work is the wettability alteration of a three-phase system comprising high salinity brine as the aqueous phase, Doddington sandstone as porous rock, and decane as the nonaqueous phase liquid. The study utilizes the technique of in situ contact angle measurements of the several 2D projections of the identified 3D oil phase droplets from the 3D images of the saturated sandstone miniature core plugs obtained by X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Earlier works that utilize in situ contact angles measurements were carried out for a single plane. The saturated rock samples were scanned at initial saturation conditions and after aging for 21 days. This study at ambient conditions reveals that it is possible to change the initially intermediate water-wet conditions of the sandstone rock surface to a weakly water wetting state on aging by alkanes using induced polarization at the interface. The study adds to the understanding of initial wettability conditions as well as the oil migration process of the paraffinic oil-bearing sandstone reservoirs. Further, it complements the knowledge of the wettability alteration of the rock surface due to chemisorption, usually done by nonrepresentative technique of silanization of rock surface in experimental investigations.

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