Synthesis N-palmitoyl lysine from palmitate acid and L-lysine used mixed solvent: Effect of temperature and reaction time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Syukri ◽  
N. R. Purba ◽  
B. R. Hutajulu ◽  
D. Alfizah ◽  
A. Hutagalung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

scholarly journals SINTESIS STEARAMIDA DARI ASAM STEARAT DAN UREA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT CAMPURAN : PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syukri ◽  
Zuhrina Masyithah
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio

Surfactant is a molecule which has hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group which can unify a mixture consisting of water and oil. Stearamide is one kind of surfactant non-ionic which has used on any aplication. This study aims to know about optimum of temperature and time on synthesis of stearamide from stearic acid and urea with zirconium (IV) chloride in mixed solvent. This study will be observed the effect of temperature and reaction time on the synthesis of stearamide surfactant from stearic acid and urea with zirconium (IV) chloride as catalyst in mixed solvent. This research was conducted at temperature of 45°C, 55°C, 65°C, 75°C, 85°C and 95°C, reaction time of 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr, 6 hr, 7 hr and 8 hr, substrate molar ratio at 1:6 (w/w), solvent ratio at 2:1 (v/v), weight of catalyst 3% (%w), and stirring speed at 250 rpm. Based on this research, the optimum condition to synthesis stearamide surfactant was obtained at 85 oC and reaction time at 3 hours.

scholarly journals SINTESIS PALMITOIL DAN LAUROIL ETANOLAMIDA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT CAMPURAN : PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashari ◽  
Nur Annisa ◽  
Zuhrina Masyithah
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Amidation Reaction ◽  
Ir Spectrophotometry ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Substrate Ratio

Surfactant is a molecule which has hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group which can unify a mixture consisting of water and oil. Alkanolamide is a type of widely used nonionic surfactant for various purposes. In this study, we observed the effect of temperature and reaction time on the synthesis of palmitoyl ethanolamide surfactant from palmitic acid and lauroyl ethanolamide from lauric acid with zirconium (IV) chloride as catalyst in mixed solvent. This research was conducted using amidation reaction at temperature variation of 55oC, 65oC, 75oC, 85oC and 95oC, reaction time variation of 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours, mole substrate ratio at 1:10, solvent ratio at 2: 1 (v / b), catalyst concentration 5% (w/w), and stirring rate at 250 rpm. Then the product was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. Based on this research, the optimum condition to synthesis palmitoyl ethanolamide surfactant was obtained at 55 oC and temperature 65 oC to synthesis lauroyl ethanolamide surfactant at reaction time of 3 hours for both of them.

Effect of temperature on ternary phase diagrams of pyrolytic lignin, mixed solvent and water

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 116458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyang Li ◽  
Mingming Zhang ◽  
Yun Yu ◽  
Hongwei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Pyrolytic Lignin

scholarly journals Study on Designing Sulfur Containing Bifunctional Building Block with Improved Refractive Index

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Jha ◽  
P. Chhabra ◽  
G. Suri ◽  
M. Tyagi ◽  
P. Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temperature Rate ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Sulfur and chlorine containing bifunctional diols with C-S bond has been prepared starting from chloroepoxy alkane and thioalcohol. The studies of FTIR, TLC, HPLC and NMR have been used to understand the reaction mechanism, as well as for optimization of the reaction parameters. The reaction is highly exothermic and the effect of temperature, rate of addition of reagents and reaction time are important factors affecting the formation of diol. Viscosity studies, HPLC, FTIR, NMR and acid number studies have shown that, these parameters could be used as process control parameters for the synthesis of diol. Refractive index of the synthesized diol is found to be higher than that of the reactants used.

scholarly journals The Formation Mechanism and Characterization of Al-Si Master Alloys from Sodium Fluosilicate

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Gamal Mohamed Attia MAHRAN ◽  
Abdel-Nasser Mohamed OMRAN ◽  
El-Sayed Sedek ABU SEIF
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Eutectic Point ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Primary Si ◽  
Master Alloys ◽  
Sodium Fluosilicate ◽  
Mechanism Of The Reaction

A modified Al-Si alloy containing up to 15 wt.% Si has been obtained from the reaction of sodium fluosilicate (Na2SiF6) with molten aluminum. This work attempted to estimate the mechanism of the reaction of Na2SiF6 with molten aluminum to produce Al-Si alloys. The effect of temperature, Na2SiF6/Al Wt ratio and reaction time on the formation of Al-Si alloy were investigated. The thermodynamic data, kinetic and rate of the reaction were studied. The results showed the possibility of the reaction between Na2SiF6 and molten aluminum thermodynamically, and that this reaction might be controlled chemically. The current study aims to optimize the factors that affecting the preparation of a modified Al-Si alloy from a reduction of sodium fluosilicate using molten aluminium. Temperature 950 oC, reaction time 20 – 25 min and Na2SiF6/Al Wt ratio related to the applied Si percentage. The prepared alloys could be modified due to the presence of Na2SiF6 in the used material as a source of sodium in response to modifying the produced Al-Si alloys. The microstructure by using LOM, SEM, and EDX proved that the needle-like silicon converts to fine fibrous. The volume fraction of primary Si reduces and the eutectic point moves to a higher silicon concentration. The modification improves the wear characteristics and increases the tensile and hardness.

Solvent Effect Correlations for Acetone: IR versus NMR Data for the Carbonyl Group

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nyquist ◽  
C. L. Putzig ◽  
D. L. Hasha
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Chemical Shift ◽  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Chemical Shift Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shift Data

A linear relationship is found to exist between the carbonyl stretching frequency ( vC=O) and the carbon-13 chemical shift data [δ(13C=O)] for the carbonyl group of 0.345 mole % acetone in a mixed solvent solution ranging from 1.5 to 70.8 mole % CHCl3/CCl4. The correlation shows that as vC=O decreases in frequency δ(13C=O) increases in frequency as the concentration of CHCl3 increases in the acetone/CHCl3/CCl4 solutions. However, the relationship between vC=O and the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 and between δ(13C=O) and the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 is not linear over the concentration range studied. Both hydrogen bonding and bulk dielectric effects most likely contribute to the change in both the IR and NMR data with change in the CHCl3/CCl4 ratio.

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