scholarly journals Photoconverter heating by incident radiation: Overheat temperature and IV-curve correction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Mintairov ◽  
Valery Evstropov ◽  
Sergey Mintairov ◽  
Maxim Shvarts ◽  
Nikolay Kalyuzhnyy
Keyword(s):  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Curve Correction

Interactive Image Quality Enhancement Support System by Tone Curve Correction Based on Human KANSEI

2009 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Tokuda ◽  
Gosuke Ohashi ◽  
Masato Tsukada ◽  
Reiichi Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshifumi Shimodaira
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Support System ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Curve Correction ◽  
Image Quality Enhancement

Size-dependent emission of a dipole coupled to a metal nanoparticle

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (62) ◽  
pp. 3315-3325
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Savchuk ◽  
Arthur R. Knize ◽  
Pavlo Pinchuk ◽  
Anatoliy O. Pinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Plasmonic Nanoparticle ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Emission Enhancement ◽  
Electric Dipoles

AbstractWe present a systematic numerical analysis of the quantum yield of an electric dipole coupled to a plasmonic nanoparticle. We observe that the yield is highly dependent on the distance between the electric dipole and the nanoparticle, the size and permittivity of the nanoparticle, and the wavelength of the incident radiation. Our results indicate that enhancement of the quantum yield is only possible for electric dipoles coupled to a nanoparticle with a radius of 20 nm or larger. As the size of the nanoparticle is increased, emission enhancement occurs at wavelengths dependent on the coupling distance.

Spectral responses of soybean leaflets crops to different water conditions and tillage systems

Agrometeoros ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Silva de Almeida ◽  
Denise Cybis Fontana ◽  
Homero Bergamaschi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Spectral Responses

The state of Rio Grande do Sul is one of the greatest Brazilian soybean producers, which justifies the use of remote sensing techniques for monitoring areas occupied by this crop. The purpose of this work was to characterize throughout the crop cycle the variability of spectral responses of soybean leaflets, subjected to different conditions of soil tillage and water supply. The experiment was carried out in a 0.5 ha area, located in Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, in two systems of soil tillage (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and two levels of water supply (irrigated and non-irrigated). The cultivar Fepagro RS-10 was sown in a row spacing of 0.40 m and in a population of 400,000 plants per hectare. An integrating sphere of a spectroradiometer LI-COR, model LI-1800 was used for measuring the absorbance, reflectance, transmittance on soybean leaflets. The results showed that the pattern of the incident radiation partitioning in the reflectance, transmittance and absorbance components is influenced by the crop phenological stage and by the tillage system. Despite this, there is stability on the reflectance of soybean leaflets in the red and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, throughout the crop cycle. The inversely proportional relation between absorbance and reflectance of soybean leaflets revealed viability on the reflectance data, in monitoring of agricultural crops.

The impact of increasing interbody fusion levels at the fractional curve on lordosis, curve correction, and complications in adult patients with scoliosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dominic Amara ◽  
Praveen V. Mummaneni ◽  
Shane Burch ◽  
Vedat Deviren ◽  
Christopher P. Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
Curve Correction ◽  
Surgery Rates

OBJECTIVERadiculopathy from the fractional curve, usually from L3 to S1, can create severe disability. However, treatment methods of the curve vary. The authors evaluated the effect of adding more levels of interbody fusion during treatment of the fractional curve.METHODSA single-institution retrospective review of adult patients treated for scoliosis between 2006 and 2016 was performed. Inclusion criteria were as follows: fractional curves from L3 to S1 > 10°, ipsilateral radicular symptoms concordant on the fractional curve concavity side, patients who underwent at least 1 interbody fusion at the level of the fractional curve, and a minimum 1-year follow-up. Primary outcomes included changes in fractional curve correction, lumbar lordosis change, pelvic incidence − lumbar lordosis mismatch change, scoliosis major curve correction, and rates of revision surgery and postoperative complications. Secondary analysis compared the same outcomes among patients undergoing posterior, anterior, and lateral approaches for their interbody fusion.RESULTSA total of 78 patients were included. There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, prior surgery, fractional curve degree, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, pelvic incidence − lumbar lordosis mismatch, sagittal vertical axis, coronal balance, scoliotic curve magnitude, proportion of patients undergoing an osteotomy, or average number of levels fused among the groups. The mean follow-up was 35.8 months (range 12–150 months). Patients undergoing more levels of interbody fusion had more fractional curve correction (7.4° vs 12.3° vs 12.1° for 1, 2, and 3 levels; p = 0.009); greater increase in lumbar lordosis (−1.8° vs 6.2° vs 13.7°, p = 0.003); and more scoliosis major curve correction (13.0° vs 13.7° vs 24.4°, p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences among the groups with regard to postoperative complications (overall rate 47.4%, p = 0.85) or need for revision surgery (overall rate 30.7%, p = 0.25). In the secondary analysis, patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) had a greater increase in lumbar lordosis (9.1° vs −0.87° for ALIF vs transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion [TLIF], p = 0.028), but also higher revision surgery rates unrelated to adjacent-segment pathology (25% vs 4.3%, p = 0.046). Higher ALIF revision surgery rates were driven by rod fracture in the majority (55%) of cases.CONCLUSIONSMore levels of interbody fusion resulted in increased lordosis, scoliosis curve correction, and fractional curve correction. However, additional levels of interbody fusion up to 3 levels did not result in more postoperative complications or morbidity. ALIF resulted in a greater lumbar lordosis increase than TLIF, but ALIF had higher revision surgery rates.

scholarly journals Broadband Unidirectional Forward Scattering with High Refractive Index Nanostructures: Application in Solar Cells

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4421
Author(s):  
Ángela Barreda ◽  
Pablo Albella ◽  
Fernando Moreno ◽  
Francisco González
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Forward Direction ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Antireflection Coating ◽  
Electromagnetic Response ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Dielectric Substrates

High refractive index dielectric (HRID) nanoparticles are a clear alternative to metals in nanophotonic applications due to their low losses and directional scattering properties. It has been demonstrated that HRID dimers are more efficient scattering units than single nanoparticles in redirecting the incident radiation towards the forward direction. This effect was recently reported and is known as the “near zero-backward” scattering condition, attained when nanoparticles forming dimers strongly interact with each other. Here, we analyzed the electromagnetic response of HRID isolated nanoparticles and aggregates when deposited on monolayer and graded-index multilayer dielectric substrates. In particular, we studied the fraction of radiation that is scattered towards a substrate with known optical properties when the nanoparticles are located on its surface. We demonstrated that HRID dimers can increase the radiation emitted towards the substrate compared to that of isolated nanoparticles. However, this effect was only present for low values of the substrate refractive index. With the aim of observing the same effect for silicon substrates, we show that it is necessary to use a multilayer antireflection coating. We conclude that dimers of HRID nanoparticles on a graded-index multilayer substrate can increase the radiation scattered into a silicon photovoltaic wafer. The results in this work can be applied to the design of novel solar cells.

Supine Traction Versus Prone Bending Radiographs for Assessing the Curve Flexibility in Spinal Deformity

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822097913
Author(s):  
Niek te Hennepe ◽  
Maarten Spruit ◽  
Martin H. Pouw ◽  
Marco Hinderks ◽  
Petra Heesterbeek
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis ◽  
Curve Correction ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Side Bending

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: No consensus exists among surgeons on which radiologic method to prefer for the assessment of curve flexibility in spinal deformity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in curve correction on supine traction radiographs versus prone side bending radiographs. Methods: A retrospective analysis of idiopathic scoliosis (IS), degenerative idiopathic scoliosis (DIS) and de novo degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DNDLS) patients was performed on supine traction as well as prone bending films (when available). Age, weight, traction force, diagnosis and Cobb angles of the primary and secondary curves were extracted. Differences in curve correction (percentages) on traction versus prone bending radiographs were analyzed for the primary and secondary curve. Subgroup analyses were performed for the 3 different diagnoses. Results: In total, 170 patients were eligible for inclusion. 43 were diagnosed with IS, 58 with DIS and 69 with DNDLS. For the primary curve, greater curve correction was obtained with bending in the DNDLS group ( P < 0.001). In the DIS group, there was a trend toward more correction on bending ( P = 0.054). In de IS group no difference was found. For the secondary curve, bending showed more curve correction in the IS and DIS group ( P = 0.002 and P <0.001). No difference was found in the DNDLS group. Conclusion: Compared to traction radiographs, bending radiographs better serve the purpose of curve flexibility assessment of IS, DIS and DNDLS spinal deformity, despite the fact that patients are exposed to more radiation.

Excitation of transitions between atomic or molecular energy levels by monochromatic laser radiation - II. Excitation under conditions of strictly inhomogeneous line broadening and mixed homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening

1978 ◽  
Vol 362 (1708) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Line Width ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Exciting Radiation ◽  
Half Line ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
Moment Matrix ◽  
Inhomogeneous Line Broadening ◽  
Inhomogeneous Line

The development with time of the excitation of a transition between two atomic or molecular energy levels under the influence of monochromatic laser radiation is examined under conditions of strictly inhomogeneous line broadening due to such causes as doppler shift arising from translational velocity. The ratio of the number of molecules, N 2 , in an excited state to the total number, N , is calculated for various ratios of the intensity parameter β ═ E 0 μ / ħ to the half line-width ∆ , where E 0 is the amplitude of the electric field in the incident radiation and is the dipole moment matrix element for the transition. Excitation functions obtained in a previous paper (I) for various values of the ratio γ/β , where γ is the half line-width in the absence of inhomo­geneous broadening, are used to obtain the variation of N 2 / N with time under conditions of mixed broadening for various values of the ratio γ/∆ and γ/β , when the exciting radiation is in exact resonance with the central frequency of the transition.

Partial volume characteristics of ionization chambers in kilovoltage x-ray exposure measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Syed F. Akber ◽  
Than S. Kehwar
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Ionization Chambers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Partial Volume ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Beam Output ◽  
Volume Characteristics ◽  
Made In ◽  
Lead Sheet

AbstractThe partial volume (spatial) response of four ionization chambers (Keithley) in kilovoltage X-ray beams, generated by the Philips Super 80CP X-ray unit, was assessed. The volume of the ionization chambers were of 10 cm3, 15 cm3, 150 cm3, and 600 cm3 used with Keithley electrometer Model 35040. The beam output was measured using a monitor chamber (Radcal 6.0 cm3) placed close to the collimator. The source to chamber distance was kept constant at 1 m. For the measurement of the response of ionization chambers of 15 cm3, 150 cm3, and 600 cm3, a slit of 2.0 mm width was made in a lead sheet of 3.2 mm thick and size of 30 × 30 cm2 and was placed on the ionization chamber. The measurements were made for 81 kVp, 400 mA, and 0.25 s and the slit was moved at an increment of 2.0 mm over the entire length of the chamber. For the measurements of the ionization chamber of 10 cm3 (CT chamber), the beams of 120 kVp, 200 mA and 0.2 s were generated, and a slit of 5 mm width was made in a similar lead sheet that was moved at an increment of 5.0 mm. From the result it appears that the sensitive volumes of the ionization chambers affect the response of the ionization chamber to incident radiation.

Factors influencing understory seedling establishment of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in southeast Wyoming

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2753-2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. Knapp ◽  
William K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Medicine Bow Mountains ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Surface Drying

Although seedlings of Abies lasiocarpa are generally more abundant than those of Picea engelmannii in the understory of mature spruce–fir forests throughout the central and northern Rocky Mountains, little information exists concerning environmental or plant factors that may influence the establishment of these two conifers. Field measurements in the Medicine Bow Mountains of southeast Wyoming showed that seedlings of A. lasiocarpa had greater photosynthetic rates at low understory light levels and required lower levels of incident radiation for saturation of photosynthesis compared with those of P. engelmannii. However, both conifers occurred in understory locations where total daily solar radiation was equally low (<2 MJ∙m−2∙day−1) and thus, a lack of light did not appear to be responsible for the low number of P. engelmannii seedlings in the understory. In contrast, seedlings of P. engelmannii were substantially more abundant at locations with thinner litter layers compared with those of A. lasiocarpa. Also, laboratory studies showed that the smaller seeds of P. engelmannii germinated more rapidly and at lower temperatures than seeds of A. lasiocarpa although growth of tap roots on A. lasiocarpa seedlings was greater initially ([Formula: see text] longer in 2-week-old seedlings) as well as for 10-week-old seedlings (50% longer). The deeper penetrating tap root of A. lasiocarpa seedlings may enable this conifer to establish more abundantly on thick, rapidly drying litter layers that are characteristic of mature spruce–fir forests. In contrast, establishment of P. engelmannii seedlings may be limited to microsites without a thick litter layer such as disturbed areas or decomposing wood, where surface drying may occur more gradually throughout the summer. These results are discussed in terms of the potential effects of seedling establishment on the observed patterns in climax vegetation of central and northern Rocky Mountain subalpine forests.

Parametric Decay of Obliquely Incident Radiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 520-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. White ◽  
C. S. Liu ◽  
M. N. Rosenbluth
Keyword(s):  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Parametric Decay ◽  
Obliquely Incident
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