scholarly journals Production of hydrogen negative ions in high density sheet plasma

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuta Endo ◽  
Shogo Ishihara ◽  
Toshikio Takimoto ◽  
Akira Tonegawa ◽  
Kohnosuke Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Ions ◽  
High Density ◽  
Sheet Plasma ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Bright light, negative air ions and auditory stimuli produce rapid mood changes in a student population: a placebo-controlled study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1253-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAMNI GOEL ◽  
GLENDA R. ETWAROO
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
High Density ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mood Changes

Background. Bright light and high-density negative air ion exposure are efficacious for winter and non-seasonal depression compared with a low-density negative ion placebo. Similarly, auditory stimuli improve mood in clinical populations. This study compared the short-term effects of bright light, an auditory stimulus, and high- and low-density negative ions on mood and alertness in mildly depressed and non-depressed adults.Method. One hundred and eighteen subjects, 69 women and 49 men (mean age±S.D., 19·4±1·7 years), participated once across the year. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: bright light (10000 lux; n=29), auditory stimuli (60 dB; n=30), or high-density (4·5×1014 ions/s flow rate; n=29) or low-density (1·7×1011 ions/s; n=30; placebo control) negative ions. Exposure was for 30 min on three consecutive evenings between 1900 and 2100 hours. Mood and alertness assessments, using standardized scales, occurred before, and 15 and 30 min during exposure. The Beck Depression Inventory classified subjects as depressed ([ges ]10; n=35) or non-depressed (<10; n=83).Results. The three active stimuli, but not the low-density placebo, reduced depression, total mood disturbance (a global affect measure) and/or anger within 15–30 min. Neither testing season nor degree of depressive symptoms affected response to stimuli.Conclusions. The auditory stimulus, bright light and high-density ions all produced rapid mood changes – with small to medium effect sizes – in depressed and non-depressed subjects, compared with the low-density placebo, despite equivalent pre-study expectations. Thus, these stimuli improve mood acutely in a student sample, including a subset with depressive symptoms.

Diagnostics And Control Of High-Density Etching Plasmas

1995 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sugai ◽  
K. Nakamura ◽  
T. H. Ahn ◽  
M. Nakamur
Keyword(s):  
Negative Ions ◽  
High Density ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Pulsed Plasma ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Fluorocarbon Plasmas ◽  
Coupled Plasmas ◽  
And Control

AbstractAdvanced diagnostics of high-density inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) are presented supporting the following three proposals of innovative etching modes: First, pulsed plasma etching mode can suppress charge-up on high-aspect-ratio micro-patterns. In order to understand the mechanism, time-resolved measurements of electrons, chlorine atoms and negative ions in a pulsed chlorine ICP are performed. As a result of electron cooling and negative ion yield in afterglow, electrons are found to be accelerated toward a rf-biased electrode, thus neutralizing positive surface charges on that. Second, downstream etching mode using C4F8 gas enables high etch selectivity of SiO2 to Si. The reason for this is qualitatively discussed using comprehensive measurements of spatial distributions of CF3, CF2, CF and F densities in CF4 and C4F8 plasmas. Third, hot wall etching mode also enables high selectibity etching in fluorocarbon plasmas. Radical diagnostics reveal that wall heating dramatically modifies the radical composition of both CF4 and C4F8 plasmas, and it improves the etch selectivity and reproducibility.

scholarly journals Development of cesium-free negative ion source by using high density sheet plasma

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Ishihara ◽  
Toshikio Takimoto ◽  
Ryuta Endo ◽  
Akira Tonegawa ◽  
Kohnosuke Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Source ◽  
High Density ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Sheet Plasma

Characteristics of Hydrogen Negative Ions in Sheet Plasma

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (10B) ◽  
pp. 8212-8216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Tonegawa ◽  
Kentaro Kumita ◽  
Masataka Ono ◽  
Takehisa Shibuya ◽  
Kazutaka Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Negative Ions ◽  
Sheet Plasma

Diagnostics of Fluorine Negative Ions by Laser Photodetachment Combined with a Heated Probe in High-Density CF 4 Plasmas

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (Part 2, No. 12B) ◽  
pp. L1702-L1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriharu Takada ◽  
Daiyu Hayashi ◽  
Koichi Sasaki ◽  
Kiyoshi Kadota
Keyword(s):  
Negative Ions ◽  
High Density
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