Biochemical properties of nanoscale structures based on natural raw materials of various etiology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Chzhu ◽  
E. G. Shubenkova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Nanoscale Structures

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER DURING CONVECTIVE DRYING OF COLLOID CAPILLARY-POROUS MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Slobodianiuk ◽  
◽  
Kateryna Samoilenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The article presents a reasonable analysis and relevance of the study of the drying process of vegetable raw materials (colloidal capillary-porous materials). Drying is an energy-intensive industrial process that is defined from a technological point of view: on the one hand by heat and moisture exchange between the body surface and the environment, on the other hand by heating the body and transferring moisture inside it due to the form of moisture. One of the most effective ways to increase the shelf life of food is to dry it to equilibrium humidity. Very important are the technological parameters of the drying regimes, which, when used rationally, are able to preserve the biochemical properties and nutrients of the raw material at a high level in the obtained dry product. The study of dehydration of vegetable raw materials is widely practiced around the world, especially in countries such as Germany, France, USA, Argentina, Hungary, Brazil, Poland, Korea, China, Malaysia. However, the obtained processed products lose their biologically active components and nutrients, and the processing process is energy consuming. Therefore, the problem is relevant and needs an effective solution. In this paper, the kinetics of the drying process, thermogravimetric studies and a mathematical model for colloidal capillary-porous materials of plant origin were analyzed. According to the results of the highlighted research, the process of convective drying of colloidal capillary-porous materials was intensified above 21% due to the use of innovative step regimes. The developed beet-rhubarb composition is a colloidal capillary-porous material that stabilizes and protects at the biochemical level betanin of the beet from the effects of temperature during convective drying, has in comparison with the components of the composition lower heat of dehydration and increased thermal-stability. Prolonged high-temperature exposure causes instant complete destruction of sugars, proteins and other nutrients components. Derivatographic studies have confirmed that the use of the temperature range of 100 ° C in a stepwise mode of 100/60 ° C for the developed soybean-spinach composition is safe for biologically active substances and it is justified by experimental temperature curves. Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer during convective drying of crushed beets and crushed soybeans using the known model by A.V. Lykov satisfactorily describes the process and can be used to model the convection drying of colloidal capillary-porous materials.

Influence of biochemical properties of raw materials on quality change of low-salted fish products

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ivaniuta ◽  
◽  
A Menchynska ◽  
O Ochkolyas ◽  
Zh Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Change ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Salted Fish

The article defines the influence of biochemical properties of raw materials on the quality change of low-salted fish products packed in conditions of a modified medium. The main reasons for the quality deterioration of low-salted fish products are described. Possible directions for increasing the stability of low-salt fish products during storage are given. The level of activity of tissue proteolytic enzymes is one of the main factors that characterizes the maturation rate of salted fish, and the mass fraction of fat can determine the degree of influence of carbon dioxide on muscle tissue during storage. Accordingly, the results of the examination of the initial fish raw materials, namely the mass fraction of fat and enzymatic activity of muscle tissue, are highlighted. We found that fish raw materials had significant differences in both the mass fraction of fat and the activity of enzymes. The results of the investigation of physicochemical parameters in salted fish products packed in conditions of a modified medium are highlighted. The initial composition of the gas mixture: 40% carbon dioxide with 60% dinitrogen. High barrier packages were used for packaging. The results of experimental studies have shown that in terms of changes in qualitative indicators, the packaging of salted fish in conditions of a modified medium is the most effective for products from low-fat raw materials with low total acidity and activity of proteolytic enzymes.

scholarly journals Vermicomposting: Tool for Sustainable Ruminant Manure Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nasiru ◽  
N. Ismail ◽  
M. H. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Solid Biomass

Ruminants are important sources of meat and milk. Their production is associated with manure excretion. Estimates of over 3,900,000 million metric tonnes of manure are produced daily from ruminants worldwide. Storage and spread of this waste on land pose health risks and environmental problems. Efficient and sustainable way of handling ruminant manure is required. Composting and vermicomposting are considered two of the best techniques for solid biomass waste management. This paper presents vermicomposting as an effective tool for ruminant manure management. Vermicomposting is a mesophilic biooxidation and stabilisation process of organic materials that involves the joint action of earthworm and microorganism. Compared with composting, vermicomposting has higher rate of stabilisation and it is greatly modifying its physical and biochemical properties, with low C : N ratio and homogenous end product. It is also costeffective and ecofriendly waste management. Due to its innate biological, biochemical and physicochemical properties, vermicomposting can be used to promote sustainable ruminant manure management. Vermicomposts are excellent sources of biofertiliser and their addition improves the physiochemical and biological properties of agricultural soils. In addition, earthworms from the vermicomposting can be used as source of protein to fishes and monogastric animals. Vermicompost can also be used as raw materials for bioindustries.

scholarly journals Нангиад зээргэний (EphedrasinicaStapf.) биохимийн судалгаа

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Мөнхгэрэл Ч ◽  
Одонтуяа Г ◽  
Рэгдэл Д
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Ephedra Sinica ◽  
Aerial Shoot ◽  
Ephedra Sinica Stapf

We have determined some biochemical properties including the moisture, ash, protein, nitrogen, cellulose, lignin, lipids and fatty acids in aerial shoot systems and root systems of the Ephedra sinica Stapf. From the test results, cellulose contents were 19.12% in aerial shoot systems and 20.23% in root systems. Thus, this indicates that the aerial shoot systems of Ephedra sinica Stapf. are promising raw materials to synthesize polysaccharides.Lipid and lipid like substance components in seeds, aerial shoot systems and root systems of the Ephedra sinica Stapf. Seed contain 71.39% of all lipid and lipid like substances other origins of Ephedra sinica Stapf contain comparatively minimum amount of all lipids. From the study of fatty acids was contained in Ephedra sinica Stapf we identified nine different fatty acids in which the biologically active fatty acids, linoleic acid was contained up to 42% in aerial shoot systems. It is possible to use it for medical treatments because it is a major ingredient in F vitamin.Analysis of amino acid contents was carried out by thin layer chromatography. As a result, total of 15 amino acids including all non substituted amino acids were identified. Metionin content (12.5%) was higher than any other amino acids in Ephedra sinica Stapf.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE QUALITY OF LOW-CLASS WHEAT AND BREAD OBTAINED BY THE ACCELERATED TEST METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 809-822
Author(s):  
S. A. URSUNBAYEVA ◽  
R. IZTAYEV ◽  
R. GOMEDOV ◽  
A. YAKIYAYEVA ◽  
B. Zh. ULDABEKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Accelerated Test ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Materials Used

The quality of bread is determined by the quality of the raw materials used, and above all, flour and water as the main types of raw materials. The article presents the results of a study of physico-biochemical properties, indicators of bread baking by the accelerated method, obtained from finely ground soft wheat flour 3, 4, 5, and out-of class. A baking dough prepared in an accelerated way for 2-3 minutes can improve its rheological properties, reduce baking time to 36 minutes, improve the quality of bread from low-quality soft wheat flour. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the changes in the physicochemical properties of soft wheat grains 3, 4, 5 and out-of class were studied, finely ground whole-ground flour separately from different classes of soft wheat grains was obtained, and the quality of bread prepared using the accelerated test method from soft wheat flour was studied, different classes. In general, all wheat samples can be classified as recommended for consumption since they have increased organoleptic and physico-biochemical parameters of rheological properties compared to a wheat sample out-of class. Thus, the results of studies using the accelerated test method showed that wheat of classes 3, 4, and 5 studied formed the necessary properties of semi-finished products and contributed to improving the quality of bakery products and improving their quality.

scholarly journals Improving the Salting Technology for Fermented Maral Meat Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ольга Мышалова ◽  
Olga Myshalova ◽  
Галина Гуринович ◽  
Galina Gurinovich ◽  
Ирина Патракова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
Meat Fermentation ◽  
Fermented Products

The research features the effect of salting methods on the physical, chemical, and biochemical properties of maral (Siberian red deer) meat in the manufacture of fermented products. Meat salting is considered to be the most significant process in the formation of organoleptic and qualitative properties of whole muscle meat products. The authors measured the changes in the mass fraction of moisture in the products. After that they studied the effect of dry, wet, and mixed salting on mass transfer processes in the maral meat according to the fermentation period. The study revealed the dynamic pattern in pH and water-binding capacity of meat during salting, as well as the differences in the colloidal-chemical state of protein substances. The best results were achieved in mixed salting samples after short-term massaging. This method changed the degree of hydration and the solubility of proteins, which improved the structural and mechanical properties. The experiment showed that fermented products require preliminary mechanical processing of meat in massagers, which makes it possible to soften raw materials, accelerate the redistribution of saline substances in meat, and intensify biochemical processes. According to the present research, the best results were achieved by mixed salting when the salting mixture was applied to the meat surface. The mixture contained the starting cultures of microorganisms “Bitec LC-30”. The meat was aged under dry salting at 0–4 °C for 24 hours and then in the pickle. This changed the rheological properties of the meat and resulted in a gentler consistency of the fermented products. The proposed technology of maral meat salting increases the efficiency of meat fermentation processes while improving the quality of manufactured products and their organoleptic properties.

scholarly journals Toxin production ability of Bacillus cereus strains from food product of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pylypenko ◽  
L. Pylypenko ◽  
G. Yamborko ◽  
I. Marinova
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

Potential pathogens of foodborne toxic infections – bacterial contaminants Bacillus cereus isolated from plant raw materials and food products from the Ukrainian region were investigated. When determining of the proportion of isolated bacilli from the plant samples, it was established that the epidemiologically significant microorganisms of Bacillus cereus as agents of food poisoning are the second largest. The average value of contaminated samples of Ukrainian plant raw materials and processed products with Bacillus cereus is 36,2 %. The ability of Bacillus cereus strains identified by a complex of morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties, to produce specific emetic and enterotoxins was studied. Molecular genetic diagnosis and detection of the toxin-producing ability of isolated 42 Bacillus cereus strains showed both the possibility of their rapid identification and the presence of specific toxicity genes. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out with specific primers to detect toxicity determined of various bacilli genes: nheA, hblD, cytK, cesВ. The distribution of toxigenic genes is significantly different among the Bacillus cereus isolates from various sources. The nheA, hblD and cytK enterotoxin genes were detected in 100, 83,3 and 61,9 % of the investigated strains of Bacillus cereus, respectively. The cesB gene encoding emetic toxin was detected in 4,8 % of  strains. Molecular-genetic PCR-method confirmed that all the isolated strains belong to the Bacillus cereus group, and the ability to produce toxins can be attributed to five groups. The main toxins that produce the investigated Bacillus cereus strains were nhe and hbl enterotoxins encoded by the corresponding genes of nheA and hblD. The enterotoxic type of Bacillus cereus was predominant in Ukrainian region.  Studies of domestic plant food raw materials and products have confirmed the need to improve microbiological control of product safety by introducing accelerated specific diagnostics of contaminants by molecular genetics methods.

scholarly journals From Aggregates to Porous Three-Dimensional Scaffolds through a Mechanochemical Approach to Design Photosensitive Chitosan Derivatives

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniia N. Bardakova ◽  
Tatiana A. Akopova ◽  
Alexander V. Kurkov ◽  
Galina P. Goncharuk ◽  
Denis V. Butnaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chitosan Film ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Chitosan Derivatives ◽  
Modified Chitosan

The crustacean processing industry produces large quantities of waste by-products (up to 70%). Such wastes could be used as raw materials for producing chitosan, a polysaccharide with a unique set of biochemical properties. However, the preparation methods and the long-term stability of chitosan-based products limit their application in biomedicine. In this study, different scale structures, such as aggregates, photo-crosslinked films, and 3D scaffolds based on mechanochemically-modified chitosan derivatives, were successfully formed. Dynamic light scattering revealed that aggregation of chitosan derivatives becomes more pronounced with an increase in the number of hydrophobic substituents. Although the results of the mechanical testing revealed that the plasticity of photo-crosslinked films was 5–8% higher than that for the initial chitosan films, their tensile strength remained unchanged. Different types of polymer scaffolds, such as flexible and porous ones, were developed by laser stereolithography. In vivo studies of the formed structures showed no dystrophic and necrobiotic changes, which proves their biocompatibility. Moreover, the wavelet analysis was used to show that the areas of chitosan film degradation were periodic. Comparing the results of the wavelet analysis and X-ray diffraction data, we have concluded that degradation occurs within less ordered amorphous regions in the polymer bulk.

FEATURES OF ALKALOID ACCUMULATION IN MEDICINAL PLANTS DUE TO GROWING CONDITIONS AND AGE CHARACTERISTICS

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Sangadzhieva L.Ch. ◽  
Bambaeva E.N. ◽  
Davaeva Ts.D. ◽  
Sangadzhieva O.S. ◽  
Tsombueva B.V.
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Active Substances

Nowadays biologically active substances in medicinal plants of Kalmykia are poorly studied. Thus biochemical properties of medicinal plants of the arid territories of the North-Western Caspian region have been studied for the first time. Study of intraspecific variability allowed to determine the influence of growing conditions on the accumulation of biologically active substances and microelements in medicinal plants, that grow in Kalmykia. In this regard, as the alkaloid, flavonoid and tannin content has been shown, approaches of application of known medicinal plants and searching for new raw materials should be reconsidered. This work is a part of comprehensive resource investigation focused on the research in the aim to find rational application of plant growing in Caspian and Volga regions. On the natural forage lands of Kalmykia, alkaloid-bearing plants can be found; they are poisonous to animals, and their number and abundance are directly dependent on anthropogenic pressure. Anabasis, harmalа and ephedra, that grow on the Caspian lowland, contain all groups of studied substances: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and extractives. The conducted research shows that alkaloid plants might be used as medicinal plant raw materials. In Anabasis, the total alkaloid content reaches 1.26% in summer and 1.44% in autumn. Percentage of peganin in Harmala grass, stem and root, is about 4.04%, 0.31% and 0.21% respectively while the total amount of alkaloids in harmala exceeds 5.0%. Tannin content is quite high in Anabasis and harmala, as the presence of tannins is a characteristic feature of ephemera. The composition of plant extractives includes all water-soluble biologically active substances: carbohydrates, vitamins, flavonoids, etc., content of the chemicals is high in both Anabasis and harmal. Accumulation occurs even regardless of the season, place of growth in the whole plant.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics of Fungal Xylanases and their Potential for Biobleaching of Kraft and Non-wood Pulps

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ana C. F. Kmetzki ◽  
Caroline Henn ◽  
Sandra S. Moraes ◽  
Nyéssia F. S. Silva ◽  
Marina K. Kadowaki
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Thermophilic Fungi ◽  
Pulp Bleaching ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp ◽  
Wood Pulps ◽  
Bleaching Step

Xylanases are enzymes with a wide variety of biotechnological applications, such as in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials, improvement of feed digestibility, and bleaching kraft pulps to increase pulp brightness. Many studies have been conducted and published over the years on cellulose pulp bleaching due to the need to search for more sustainable tools and thus reduce environmental pollution. Thus, in this review, we focus on analyzing the biochemical properties of xylanases produced by mesophilic and thermophilic fungi that have been used in the bleaching processes of kraft and non-wood pulps. Eucalyptus kraft pulp is still one of the most used raw materials in the production of pulp and paper, while straw and bagasse are alternative sources of non-wood pulps. Thermophilic fungal xylanases show optimum enzymatic activity at high temperatures and a shorter treatment period when compared to mesophilic xylanases in the bleaching step. However, mesophilic fungal xylanases exhibit a longer period of enzymatic treatment but achieve a satisfactory brightness and kappa number. Hence, these approaches will contribute to future applications of these xylanolytic enzymes in pulp and paper industries.

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