scholarly journals Evolutionary dynamics in the public goods games with switching between punishment and exclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 103105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjie Liu ◽  
Shengxian Wang ◽  
Xiaojie Chen ◽  
Matjaž Perc
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Goods Games

scholarly journals Neighborhood size-effects in nonlinear public goods games

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Kimmel ◽  
Philip Gerlee ◽  
Joel S. Brown ◽  
Philipp M. Altrock
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Neighborhood Size ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Goods Games

Ecological and evolutionary dynamics can be strongly affected by population assortment and frequency-dependent selection. In growing populations, a particular challenge is to disentangle global ecological effects from local frequency-dependent effects. Here we implement a logistic growth and death model on the global scale, coupled to frequency-dependent growth rates influenced by a public goods game between cooperators and defectors. For each individual, the public good is only effective within a neighborhood of other individuals, and the public good-growth rate relationship can be nonlinear. At low numbers of cooperators, increases of public good accumulate synergistically; at high numbers, increases in public good only provide diminishing returns-the inflection point of this pattern is given by the strength of frequency-dependent selection in relation to the background fitness effect. We observed complex critical behavior in the evolutionary dynamics’ equilibria, determined by the relative magnitude of frequency-dependent to constant (background) growth benefits. We predict neighborhood-size-driven state changes, hysteresis between polymorphic and monomorphic equilibria, and observed that type-dependent differences in neighborhood sizes can destabilize monomorphic cooperative states but increase coexistence of cooperators and defectors. Stochastic neighborhood size fluctuations also led to coexistence and could stabilize the purely cooperative equilibrium. Our results quantify the role of assortment through neighborhood-size effects and nonlinearity of the gains function in eco-evolutionary dynamics, which is relevant for a variety of microbial and cellular public goods games.

scholarly journals Ecological feedback on diffusion dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Jin Park ◽  
Chaitanya S. Gokhale
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Equations ◽  
Public Goods Games ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Spatially Extended

Spatial patterns are ubiquitous across different scales of organization in ecological systems. Animal coat pattern, spatial organization of insect colonies and vegetation in arid areas are prominent examples from such diverse ecologies. Typically, pattern formation has been described by reaction–diffusion equations, which consider individuals dispersing between subpopulations of a global pool. This framework applied to public goods game nicely showed the endurance of populations via diffusion and generation of spatial patterns. However, how the spatial characteristics, such as diffusion, are related to the eco-evolutionary process as well as the nature of the feedback from evolution to ecology and vice versa, has been so far neglected. We present a thorough analysis of the ecologically driven evolutionary dynamics in a spatially extended version of ecological public goods games. Furthermore, we show how these evolutionary dynamics feed back into shaping the ecology, thus together determining the fate of the system.

scholarly journals The evolution of anti-social rewarding and its countermeasures in public goods games

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1798) ◽  
pp. 20141994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Additional Condition ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Public Goods Games ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Social Trap

Cooperation in joint enterprises can easily break down when self-interests are in conflict with collective benefits, causing a tragedy of the commons. In such social dilemmas, the possibility for contributors to invest in a common pool-rewards fund, which will be shared exclusively among contributors, can be powerful for averting the tragedy, as long as the second-order dilemma (i.e. withdrawing contribution to reward funds) can be overcome (e.g. with second-order sanctions). However, the present paper reveals the vulnerability of such pool-rewarding mechanisms to the presence of reward funds raised by defectors and shared among them (i.e. anti-social rewarding), as it causes a cooperation breakdown, even when second-order sanctions are possible. I demonstrate that escaping this social trap requires the additional condition that coalitions of defectors fare poorly compared with pro-socials, with either (i) better rewarding abilities for the latter or (ii) reward funds that are contingent upon the public good produced beforehand, allowing groups of contributors to invest more in reward funds than groups of defectors. These results suggest that the establishment of cooperation through a collective positive incentive mechanism is highly vulnerable to anti-social rewarding and requires additional countermeasures to act in combination with second-order sanctions.

scholarly journals Probabilistic participation in public goods games

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1625) ◽  
pp. 2639-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Sasaki ◽  
Isamu Okada ◽  
Tatsuo Unemi
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Voluntary Participation ◽  
Dynamical Regime ◽  
Mixed Strategies ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Interior Equilibrium ◽  
Public Goods Games ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Pure Strategies

Voluntary participation in public goods games (PGGs) has turned out to be a simple but effective mechanism for promoting cooperation under full anonymity. Voluntary participation allows individuals to adopt a risk-aversion strategy, termed loner. A loner refuses to participate in unpromising public enterprises and instead relies on a small but fixed pay-off. This system leads to a cyclic dominance of three pure strategies, cooperators, defectors and loners, but at the same time, there remain two considerable restrictions: the addition of loners cannot stabilize the dynamics and the time average pay-off for each strategy remains equal to the pay-off of loners. Here, we introduce probabilistic participation in PGGs from the standpoint of diversification of risk, namely simple mixed strategies with loners, and prove the existence of a dynamical regime in which the restrictions no longer hold. Considering two kinds of mixed strategies associated with participants (cooperators or defectors) and non-participants (loners), we can recover all basic evolutionary dynamics of the two strategies: dominance; coexistence; bistability; and neutrality, as special cases depending on pairs of probabilities. Of special interest is that the expected pay-off of each mixed strategy exceeds the pay-off of loners at some interior equilibrium in the coexistence region.

Endogenous Authority and Enforcement in Public Goods Games

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wooyoung Lim ◽  
Jipeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Goods Games ◽  
Efficient Outcome ◽  
The Social

AbstractThis paper investigates theoretically and experimentally the social benefits and cost to have an endogenous punishment-enforcing authority in public goods game. An authority is chosen among members of a society via an imperfectly discriminating contest prior to a public goods game. Once chosen the authority has a large degree of discretion to inflict punishment. Our theoretical result shows that an efficiency gain from having the endogenous authority always comes with a social cost from competing for being the authority. The larger the society is, however, the bigger the efficiency gain and the smaller the rent dissipation. The completely efficient outcome can be approximated as the size of society tends to infinity. The experimental results confirm that the presence of endogenous authority for a given group size increases the public goods contributions and the efficiency gain is significantly bigger in a larger group.

Sadism, the Intuitive System, and Antisocial Punishment in the Public Goods Game

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pfattheicher ◽  
Johannes Keller ◽  
Goran Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
Destructive Behavior ◽  
Public Goods Games ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Reflective Processes

In public goods situations, a specific destructive behavior emerges when individuals face the possibility of punishing others: antisocial punishment, that is, costly punishing cooperative individuals. So far, little is known about the (intuitive or reflective) processes underlying antisocial punishment. Building on the Social Heuristics Hypothesis and arguing that antisocial punishment reflects the basic characteristics of sadism, namely, aggressive behavior to dominate and to harm other individuals it is assumed that everyday sadists intuitively engage in antisocial punishment. Two studies document that activating (Study 1) and inhibiting (Study 2) the intuitive system when a punishment option can be realized in one-shot iterated public goods games increased (Study 1) and reduced (Study 2) antisocial punishment, in particular among individuals who reported a proneness to sadism. In sum, the present research suggests that sadistic tendencies executed intuitively play a crucial role regarding antisocial punishment in public goods situations.

Coevolving agent strategies and network topology for the public goods games

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Zhang ◽  
J. L. Zhang ◽  
G. M. Xie ◽  
L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Goods Games
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