Solving Fresnel equation for refractive index using reflected optical power obtained from Bessel beam interferometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 015110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Gupta ◽  
Amit Pandey ◽  
Kaushal Vairagi ◽  
Samir K. Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Bessel Beam ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Fresnel Equation

scholarly journals Demonstration of a Polymer-Based Single Step Waveguide by 3D Printing Digital Light Processing Technology for Isopropanol Alcohol-Concentration Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kankan Swargiary ◽  
Romuald Jolivot ◽  
Waleed Soliman Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
The Core

AbstractA polymer based horizontal single step waveguide for the sensing of alcohol is developed and analyzed. The waveguide is fabricated by 3-dimensional (3D) printing digital light processing (DLP) technology using monocure 3D rapid ultraviolet (UV) clear resin with a refractive index of n = 1.50. The fabricated waveguide is a one-piece tower shaped ridge structure. It is designed to achieve the maximum light confinement at the core by reducing the effective refractive index around the cladding region. With the surface roughness generated from the 3D printing DLP technology, various waveguides with different gap sizes are printed. Comparison is done for the different gap waveguides to achieve the minimum feature gap size utilizing the light re-coupling principle and polymer swelling effect. This effect occurs due to the polymer-alcohol interaction that results in the diffusion of alcohol molecules inside the core of the waveguide, thus changing the waveguide from the leaky type (without alcohol) to the guided type (with alcohol). Using this principle, the analysis of alcohol concentration performing as a larger increase in the transmitted light intensity can be measured. In this work, the sensitivity of the system is also compared and analyzed for different waveguide gap sizes with different concentrations of isopropanol alcohol (IPA). A waveguide gap size of 300 µm gives the highest increase in the transmitted optical power of 65% when tested with 10 µL (500 ppm) concentration of IPA. Compared with all other gaps, it also displays faster response time (t = 5 seconds) for the optical power to change right after depositing IPA in the chamber. The measured limit of detection (LOD) achieved for 300 µm is 0.366 µL. In addition, the fabricated waveguide gap of 300 µm successfully demonstrates the sensing limit of IPA concentration below 400 ppm which is considered as an exposure limit by “National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health”. All the mechanical mount and the alignments are done by 3D printing fused deposition method (FDM).

High Performance Molecular Detection Biosensor Using Plasmonic Spiral Nanoantenna Based on Optical Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-720
Author(s):  
Ali Elrashidi
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidase ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Peak Wavelength ◽  
Refractive Index Sensitivity ◽  
Reflected Signal ◽  
Index Sensitivity

Biomedical sensor that sense different molecules with a high refractive index sensitivity is proposed in this work. Plasmonic nanospiral antenna is mounted on a top surface of an optical fiber to reflect the incident optical signal back to the fiber. The reflected signal depends on the nanospiral antenna material, dimensions and the surrounding medium. Using streptavidin molecule, the nanospiral antenna have been simulated based on finite difference time domain method to optimize its dimensions. The optimum dimensions are 10 nm, 55 nm and 40 nm for inner-outer thicknesses and height respectively. The introduced biosensor can detect different molecules based on surface plasmonic resonance, which depends on the shifting of the peak wavelength according to the molecules type. The detected molecules are Streptavidin, Urease, Uricase molecules and Glucose oxidase and Cholesterol oxidase enzymes with a high sensitivity. The maximum refractive index sensitivity is obtained when sensing cholesterol oxidase molecules with 3028 nm/RIU at 3.58 μm peak wavelength. Figure of merit and quality factor are also calculated for all detected molecules. Finally, electric field and optical power, before and after binding, of the reflected signal are illustrated and discussed.

Sensing Refractive Indices of Fluids by Wavelength-Tunable Laser and Novel Multi-stage Directional Couplers

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruei-Chang Lu ◽  
Keh-Yi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Tunable Laser ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Directional Couplers ◽  
Wavelength Tunable ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Maximal Output ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this work, the authors propose a modified type of multi-stage directional couplers and combine it with a wavelength-tunable laser to measure the refractive index of an undetermined biochemical liquid/solution. Tuning the wavelength of the laser incident on the modified multi-stage directional couplers, the relationship between the wavelength corresponding to the maximal output optical power and the refractive index of the unknown fluid has been obtained.

FABRICATION OF MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETOR BASED ON PLANAR WAVEGUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF BIOSENSORS

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1891-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN-HYONG KIM ◽  
HOE-YOUNG YANG ◽  
HYUN-YONG LEE
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Planar Waveguide ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Design Rule ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Planar Lightwave

In this paper, designed and simulated Power Splitter (PS) integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based planar waveguide devices (which is called here a PS-MZI). Moreover, we fabricated optical waveguide based on the PS-MZI for application to the biosensor. The integrated optical structure is sensitive to refractive index change induced due to the interaction of the evanescent field with an immobilized biological sample placed on one of the two arms of the interferometer. The PS-MZI sensor was preceded by a Y -junction, which splits the input power between the sensor and a reference branch to minimize the effect of optical power variations. The waveguide were optimized at a wavelength of 1550 nm and fabricated according to the design rule of 0.45 delta%, which is the difference of refractive index between the core and clad. The fabrication of PS-MZI optical waveguides was performed by a conventional planar lightwave circuit (PLC) fabrication process. The PS-MZI optical waveguides were measured of the optical characteristics for the application of biosensors.

scholarly journals Balanced Gain-and-Loss Optical Waveguides: Exact Solutions for Guided Modes in Susy-QM

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Sara Cruz y Cruz ◽  
Alejandro Romero-Osnaya ◽  
Oscar Rosas-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Point Spectrum ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Exactly Solvable ◽  
Gain And Loss ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Complex Valued

The construction of exactly solvable refractive indices allowing guided TE modes in optical waveguides is investigated within the formalism of Darboux–Crum transformations. We apply the finite-difference algorithm for higher-order supersymmetric quantum mechanics to obtain complex-valued refractive indices admitting all-real eigenvalues in their point spectrum. The new refractive indices are such that their imaginary part gives zero if it is integrated over the entire domain of definition. This property, called condition of zero total area, ensures the conservation of optical power so the refractive index shows balanced gain and loss. Consequently, the complex-valued refractive indices reported in this work include but are not limited to the parity-time invariant case.

3-dimensional dark traps for low refractive index bio-cells using a single optical fiber Bessel beam

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyun Tang ◽  
Yaxun Zhang ◽  
Wenjie Su ◽  
Zhihai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Bessel Beam ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Low Refractive Index
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