Development of a polymer composite with high electrical conductivity and improved impact strength for the application as bipolar plate

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Hopmann ◽  
Ch. Windeck ◽  
A. Cohnen ◽  
J. Onken ◽  
B. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity

scholarly journals Electrical Conductivity Performance of Predicted Modified Fibre Contact Model for Multi-Filler Polymer Composite

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
David Hui ◽  
Anil Verma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Contact Model ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Predicted Model

Polymer composites have been extensively fabricated given that they are well-fitted for a variety of applications, especially concerning their mechanical properties. However, inadequate outcomes, mainly regarding their electrical performance, have limited their significant potential. Hence, this study proposed the use of multiple fillers, with different geometries, in order to improve the electrical conductivity of a polymer composite. The fabricated composite was mixed, using the ball milling method, before being compressed by a hot press machine at 3 MPa for 10 min. The composite plate was then measured for both its in-plane and through-plane conductivities, which were 3.3 S/cm, and 0.79 S/cm, respectively. Furthermore, the experimental data were then verified using a predicted electrical conductivity model, known as a modified fibre contact model, which considered the manufacturing process, including the shear rate and flow rate. The study indicated that the predicted model had a significant trend and value, compared to the experimental model (0.65 S/cm for sample S1). The resultant fabricated composite materials were found to possess an excellent network formation, and good electrical conductivity for bipolar plate application, when applying compression pressure of 3 MPa for 10 min.

The Effects of Compression Pressure Applied on the Manufacture of Carbon Composite Bipolar Plate for PEMFC by Utilizing Graphite Waste Products

2011 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunita Sadeli ◽  
Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono ◽  
Bambang Prihandoko ◽  
Sri Harjanto
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Waste Products

Proton electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have near zero carbon dioxide and hazardous pollutant emission. Thus, it is considered as one of energy sources for transportation and other application which can improve environmental performance by decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases and other air pollutant. In accordance with its environmental preservation values, graphite waste product from electric arc furnace (graphite EAF) was chosen as a potential candidate material for bipolar plate for PEMFC. The utilization of graphite waste product is expected to result in light-weight and cost-effective bipolar plates. In this paper, we used graphite EAF as a filler together with carbon black and epoxy resin as a binder. We examined the effects of differential pressure applied on compression molding process on density, porosity, flexural strength and electrical conductivity of the resulting carbon polymer composite bipolar plate. Pressure was applied from 30 MPa - 60 MPa in increments of 5 MPa while maintaining constant temperature operation at 700C for 4 hours. Maximum value of bipolar plate density was achieved at application 55 MPa, of 1.69 g/cm3. At this condition, the flexural strength was measured to be 48 MPa with the porosity of 0.7%, and electrical conductivity of 1.03 S/cm. Taken together, we demonstrated that graphite EAF is a good candidate for the manufacturing of polymer composite bipolar plates.

CDA C18700

Alloy Digest ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Copper Base ◽  
Screw Machine ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Copper Base Alloy

Abstract CDA C18700 is a copper-base alloy containing lead (nominally 1.0%). The lead is added to impart free-cutting properties to the metal. Although the lead lowers the electrical conductivity of CDA C18700 slightly below that of tough-pitch copper, it still has high electrical conductivity well within the limits needed for most current-carrying requirements. Typical uses comprise electrical motor and switch parts, electrical connectors and screw-machine parts requiring high conductivity. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-533. Producer or source: Copper and copper alloy mills.

COPPER ALLOY No. 182

Alloy Digest ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract Copper Alloy NO. 182 is an age-hardening type of alloy that combines relatively high electrical conductivity with good strength and hardness. It was formerly known as Chromium Copper and its applications include such uses as resistance-welding-machine electrodes, switch contacts and cable connectors. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-305. Producer or source: Copper and copper alloy mills.

COPPER ALLOY No. 815

Alloy Digest ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Medium Hardness ◽  
Hardened Condition

Abstract Copper Alloy No. 815 is an age-hardenable cast copper-chromium alloy. It is characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivities combined with medium hardness and strength in the age-hardened condition. It is used for components requiring high electrical conductivity or high thermal conductivity. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-332. Producer or source: Copper alloy foundries.

SWISSMETAL C97 AND C98

Alloy Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Industrial Products

Abstract Swissmetal alloys C97 and C98 attain high strength by aging after cold working. The alloys are free machining and maintain a high electrical conductivity. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CU-759. Producer or source: Avins Industrial Products.

SWISSMETAL SM453C (BOILLAT C99)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity

Abstract Swissmetal SM453C is a free-machining copper alloy with high electrical conductivity. It is recommended for male contacts in electrical and electronic applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CU-668. Producer or source: Swissmetal Metalworks Ltd, Plant Boillat.

UNS A96101

Alloy Digest ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Treated Condition ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heat Treated Condition

Abstract UNS NO. A96101 in the heat treated condition is used primarily for enclosed bus conductor where both high strength and high electrical conductivity are desirable. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-287. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.

scholarly journals Performance of Hydroponically Cultivated Geranium and Common Verbena under Salinity and High Electrical Conductivity Levels

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Dejan Prvulovic ◽  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity

Abiotic factors in nutrient solutions (NSs), such as salinity and high electrical conductivity (EC), may adversely alter plant growth and crop performance. However, there are medicinal/aromatic plants which can not only withstand these adverse conditions, but which can also increase their productivity or even enhance their quality in such conditions. As fresh water sources suitable for irrigation are becoming more and more limited, the use of low-quality water sources and hydroponic growing systems have been suggested as the main alternatives. Towards that direction, this study aims to evaluate the effect of high EC levels in NSs on geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) and common verbena (Verbena officinallis L.) plants cultivated in a soilless (perlite) hydroponics system. Plants were irrigated with a full nutrient solution of EC 2.1 dS m−1 and pH 5.8 until they reached a uniform size. Then, three treatments were applied, namely: (a) a control treatment with an EC of 2.1 dS m−1 in the NS, (b) a high-salinity NS created by adding 75 mM of NaCl (EC under 8.5 dS m−1) and (c) a concentrated NS with an EC of 8.5 dS m−1. In pelargonium, high salinity decreased the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents; antioxidant capacity; N, K, Mg and P content; as well as chlorophyll fluorescence, compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, increased salinity levels increased the Na and Ca content and stomatal resistance. In common verbena, salinity decreased total phenolic content and chlorophyll fluorescence but increased total flavonoid content; antioxidants; leaf K, P, Na, Cu and Zn content; and stomatal resistance, compared to the control. In both species, high EC did not affect polyphenols, flavonoids or antioxidants, whereas it increased stomatal resistance and nutrient accumulation in the leaves, and decreased chlorophyll fluorescence compared to the control treatment. Damage indices, indicated by lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide production and the elevation of enzymes’ antioxidant activities, were evidenced in both saline- and high-EC-treated plants. In conclusion, despite having the same EC levels in the nutrient solution, it seems that ionic stress caused by high mineral concentrations in the nutrient solution had less severe effects on the tested plants than the relevant osmotic stress caused by high salinity due to the addition of NaCl in the nutrient solution.

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