Effect of substrate temperature and gas flow ratio on the nanocomposite TiAlBN coating

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. M. Rosli ◽  
W. L. Kwan ◽  
J. M. Juoi
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow Ratio

scholarly journals Effect of Differentiated Injection Ratio, Gas Flow Rate, and Slag Thickness on Mixing Time and Open Eye Area in Gas-Stirred Ladle Assisted by Physical Modeling

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Jardón-Pérez ◽  
Daniel R. González-Morales ◽  
Gerardo Trápaga ◽  
Carlos González-Rivera ◽  
Marco A. Ramírez-Argáez
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Gas Flow Ratio ◽  
Slag Thickness ◽  
Injection Ratio

In this work, the effects of equal (50%/50%) or differentiated (75%/25%) gas flow ratio, gas flow rate, and slag thickness on mixing time and open eye area were studied in a physical model of a gas stirred ladle with dual plugs separated by an angle of 180°. The effect of the variables under study was determined using a two-level factorial design. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to establish, through the analysis of the flow patterns and turbulence kinetic energy contours, the effect of the studied variables on the hydrodynamics of the system. Results revealed that differentiated injection ratio significantly changes the flow structure and greatly influences the behavior of the system regarding mixing time and open eye area. The Pareto front of the optimized results on both mixing time and open eye area was obtained through a multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The results are conclusive in that the ladle must be operated using differentiated flow ratio for optimal performance.

EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN GAS FLOW RATIO ON THE QUALITY OF NANO-DIAMOND FILMS

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 876-880
Author(s):  
S. G. Wang ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
D. J. Yang ◽  
S. F. Yoon ◽  
J. Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Diamond Films ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition Method ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow Ratio

In this paper, we studied the effects of hydrogen gas flow ratio of [H2]/[N2 + CH4 + H2] on the quality of nanometer diamond (nano-diamond) films prepared by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. Nano-diamond films were deposited on the silicon substrates from a gaseous mixture of nitrogen, methane and hydrogen. The experimental results show that if only using a gaseous mixture of nitrogen and methane, although we can obtain nano-diamond films with a grain size of about 5nm, the diamond films contain much non-diamond components. With hydrogen addition, and with increasing the hydrogen gas flow ratio from 1 to 10%, the non-diamond components in the films are significantly reduced and the grain size of the films increases from 5nm to 60nm. However optical transmittance of the films increases with increasing hydrogen gas flow ratio from 1 to 7% because of an improvement of film quality, and then decreases with further increasing hydrogen gas flow ratio owing to the increase of film roughness.

Tribological characteristics under different mixed N2/O2 gas flow ratio of ta-C:H film deposited through cathodic vacuum arc method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018.56 (0) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aminurul HELMY ◽  
Shinsuke KUNITSUGU ◽  
Tatsuyuki NAKATANI ◽  
Ichiro SHIMIZU ◽  
Koji HIRAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow Ratio

Role of the gas temperature and power to gas flow ratio on powder and voids formation in films grown by PECVD technique

Vacuum ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Martins ◽  
V Silva ◽  
I Ferreira ◽  
A Domingues ◽  
E Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gas Flow Ratio ◽  
Power To Gas

scholarly journals Performance of a cyclone scrubber on removal of fine particulate matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Ana Achiles ◽  
Vádila Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Liquid Injection ◽  
Gas Flow Ratio

Cyclones are not classified as effective devices for removing fine particles, while high efficiency wet scrubbers usually have high operational costs. In order to achieve better performance, the aim of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, a cyclone scrubber design based on the dimensions of a Stairmand cyclone separator with the inclusion of liquid injection nozzles located in different positions to improve the separation of fine particles. Given the lack of studies considering the effect of liquid injection and other operational conditions in the removal performance of a cyclone scrubber with Stairmand dimensions, the present paper provides a complete evaluation of these effects for the separation of sugar cane bagasse ash from air. The parameters investigated were inlet gas velocity, liquid injection position, liquid-to-gas flow ratio and droplet size distribution. The cyclone scrubber performance was evaluated considering collection efficiency and pressure drop. Overall efficiency of almost 99% and low-pressure drop was achieved by employing a liquid-to-gas flow ratio of 0.43 L/m? for the collection of ash from the combustion of sugar cane bagasse. Grade efficiencies revealed that injecting droplets into cyclones significantly improved the removal of fine particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 ?m.

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