Single element of the matrix source of negative hydrogen ions: Measurements of the extracted currents combined with diagnostics

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 02B116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yordanov ◽  
St. Lishev ◽  
A. Shivarova
Keyword(s):  
Single Element ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
The Matrix

Diagnostics in a single element of a matrix source of negative hydrogen ions

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 02B101 ◽  
Author(s):  
St. Lishev ◽  
D. Yordanov ◽  
A. Shivarova
Keyword(s):  
Single Element ◽  
Hydrogen Ions

scholarly journals Expression for a general element of anSO(n)matrix

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (49) ◽  
pp. 3091-3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Janaki ◽  
Govindan Rangarajan
Keyword(s):  
Lyapunov Exponents ◽  
Single Element ◽  
General Element ◽  
The Matrix

We derive the expression for a general element of anSO(n)matrix. All elements are obtained from a single element of the matrix. This has applications in recently developed methods for computing Lyapunov exponents.

scholarly journals Testing the Accuracy of the Calculation of Gold Leaf Thickness by MC Simulations and MA-XRF Scanning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Augusto Barcellos Lins ◽  
Giovanni Ettore Gigante ◽  
Roberto Cesareo ◽  
Stefano Ridolfi ◽  
Antonio Brunetti
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Gold Leaf ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scanning Systems

The use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning systems has become a common practice in many application sectors. In multistratified and heterogeneous samples, the simple analysis of an XRF spectrum as a response of the entire sample is not reliable, so different spectral analysis techniques have been proposed to detect the presence of surface stratification. One commonly studied case is that of gilding, i.e., the presence of a superimposing gold-leaf layer. The observation of changes in the net peak ratios of a single element or of several elements in an XRF spectrum is a well-developed practice, but is still not used in the case of XRF scanning (macro-X-Ray fluorescence scanning, MA-XRF), a technique that can be described as the extrapolation of XRF spot analysis to a second dimension, scanning a sample surface instead. This practice can yield information on the overlaying layer thickness, if some properties of the sample are known—or estimated—beforehand, e.g., the overlapping layer’s chemical composition and the matrix effect contribution from the bulk material (thick ratio). This work proposes the use of an algorithm to calculate the thickness distribution of a superimposing gold layer accurately and automatically through the differential attenuation method by using MA-XRF datasets in a total noninvasive manner. This approach has the clear advantage over the traditional spot sampling of allowing the generation of a surface heightmap to better visualize and interpret the data, as well as a considerably larger sample space. Monte Carlo simulations were used to verify the influence of the medium used to adhere the gold leaves to the substrate and to generate known spectra to assess the algorithm’s accuracy.

PROPAGATOR MATRICES IN ELASTIC WAVE AND VIBRATION PROBLEMS

Geophysics ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freeman Gilbert ◽  
George E. Backus
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Elastic Wave ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Interpolation Formula ◽  
Variable Coefficients ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Integral Matrix ◽  
Transversely Isotropic Media ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Isotropic Media

The boundary value problems most frequently encountered in studies of elastic wave propagation in stratified media can be formulated in terms of a finite number of linear, first order, ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. Volterra (1887) has shown that solutions to such a system of equations are conveniently represented by the product integral, or propagator, of the matrix of coefficients. In this paper we summarize some of the better known properties of propagators plus numerical methods for their computation. When the dispersion relation is some mth order minor of the integral matrix it is possible to deal with mth minor propagators so that the dispersion relation is a single element of the mth minor integral matrix. In this way one of the major sources of loss of numerical accuracy in computing the dispersion relation is avoided. Propagator equations for SH and for P‐SV waves are given for both isotropic and transversely isotropic media. In addition, the second minor propagator equations for P‐SV waves are given. Matrix polynomial approximations to the propagators, obtained from the method of mean coefficients by the Cayley‐Hamilton theorem and the Lagrange‐Sylvester interpolation formula, are derived.

Crystalloid Inclusions in Hepatocyte Mitochondria and Their Similarity to Cytoplasmic Crystalloids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Mitochondrial Alterations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Crystalloid Inclusions ◽  
Liver Biopsies

Mitochondrial alterations were studied in 25 liver biopsies from patients with alcoholic liver disease. Of special interest were the morphologic resemblance of certain fine structural variations in mitochondria and crystalloid inclusions. Four types of alterations within mitochondria were found that seemed to relate to cytoplasmic crystalloids.Type 1 alteration consisted of localized groups of cristae, usually oriented in the long direction of the organelle (Fig. 1A). In this plane they appeared serrated at the periphery with blind endings in the matrix. Other sections revealed a system of equally-spaced diagonal lines lengthwise in the mitochondrion with cristae protruding from both ends (Fig. 1B). Profiles of this inclusion were not unlike tangential cuts of a crystalloid structure frequently seen in enlarged mitochondria described below.

Coherency loss in γ' precipitates in nickel-base superalloy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
R. A. Ricks ◽  
Angus J. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nimonic 80A ◽  
Interfacial Dislocations ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Coherency Loss ◽  
Nimonic 115

During a recent investigation concerning the growth of γ' precipitates in nickel-base superalloys it was observed that the sign of the lattice mismatch between the coherent particles and the matrix (γ) was important in determining the ease with which matrix dislocations could be incorporated into the interface to relieve coherency strains. Thus alloys with a negative misfit (ie. the γ' lattice parameter was smaller than the matrix) could lose coherency easily and γ/γ' interfaces would exhibit regularly spaced networks of dislocations, as shown in figure 1 for the case of Nimonic 115 (misfit = -0.15%). In contrast, γ' particles in alloys with a positive misfit could grow to a large size and not show any such dislocation arrangements in the interface, thus indicating that coherency had not been lost. Figure 2 depicts a large γ' precipitate in Nimonic 80A (misfit = +0.32%) showing few interfacial dislocations.

Influence of Heat Treatments on Microstructures in an Fe-Co-V Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan ◽  
M. R. Pinnel ◽  
J. E. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Supersaturated Solid Solution ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Iced Brine ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bcc Structure

The microstructural changes in an Fe-Co-V alloy (composition by wt.%: 2.97 V, 48.70 Co, 47.34 Fe and balance impurities, such as C, P and Ni) resulting from different heat treatments have been evaluated by optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy. Results indicate that, on air cooling or quenching into iced-brine from the high temperature single phase ϒ (fcc) field, vanadium can be retained in a supersaturated solid solution (α2) which has bcc structure. For the range of cooling rates employed, a portion of the material appears to undergo the γ-α2 transformation massively and the remainder martensitically. Figure 1 shows dislocation topology in a region that may have transformed martensitically. Dislocations are homogeneously distributed throughout the matrix, and there is no evidence for cell formation. The majority of the dislocations project along the projections of <111> vectors onto the (111) plane, implying that they are predominantly of screw character.

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