Tests on the extracted current density of negative hydrogen ions from a single element of the matrix source

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
St. Lishev ◽  
D. Yordanov ◽  
A. Shivarova
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
The Matrix

Sb-Based Mid-Infrared Diode Lasers

2001 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mermelstein ◽  
M. Rattunde ◽  
J. Schmitz ◽  
S. Simanowski ◽  
R. Kiefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Cavity Length ◽  
Diode Lasers ◽  
Characteristic Temperature ◽  
Threshold Current ◽  
Threshold Current Density ◽  
Ridge Waveguide ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Type I ◽  
Waveguide Design

AbstractIn this paper we review recent progress achieved in our development of type-I GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb quantum-well (QW) lasers with emission wavelength in the 1.74–2.34 μm range. Triple-QW (3-QW) and single-QW (SQW) diode lasers having broadened waveguide design emitting around 2.26 μm have been studied in particular. Comparing the two designs we have find that the threshold current density at infinite cavity length as well as the transparency current density scale with the number of QWs. Maximum cw operating temperature exceeding 50°C and 90°C has been obtained for ridge waveguide lasers emitting above and below 2 μm, respectively. Ridge waveguide diode lasers emitting at 1.94 μm exhibited internal quantum efficiencies in excess of 77%, internal losses of 6 cm−1, and threshold current density at infinite cavity length as low as 121 A/cm2 reflecting the superior quality of our diode lasers, all values recorded at 280 K. A high characteristic temperature TOof 179 K for the threshold current along with a value of T1 = 433 K for the characteristic temperature of the external efficiency have been attained for the 240–280 K temperature interval. Room temperature cw output powers exceeding 1.7 W have been demonstrated for broad area single element devices with highreflection/ antireflection coated mirror facets, mounted epi-side down. The latter result is a proof for the high power capabilities of these GaSb-based mid-ir diode lasers.

Effects of Heat Treatment and Alloying of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron on Corrosion Resistance in Aqueous Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 533-536
Author(s):  
M. Aoyama ◽  
K. Tahashi ◽  
K. Matsuno
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
The Matrix

The present study examined the effects of heat treatment and the addition of Cu-Ni alloy on the corrosion resistance of the matrix of spheroidal graphite cast iron in aqueous environments. Test materials of white cast iron and carbon steel were used for comparison with spheroidal graphite cast iron. The alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron that added Cu and Ni was prepared. The spheroidal graphite cast iron was subjected to three kinds of heat treatment to adjust the matrix: annealing, oil quenching, and austemper heat treatment. In electrochemical tests, measurements of corrosion electrode potential and cathode and anode polarization were used. The following was clarified from the relationship between the electrode potential and current density of each of the materials in each of the solution. The alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron had a high corrosion electrode potential owing to the addition of Cu-Ni, and tended to have a low corrosion current density. This demonstrates that in any of the materials having a matrix adjusted by heat treatment, the addition of Cu-Ni increased the corrosion resistance. The corrosion current density was highest in a sulfuric acid environment.

Nonlinear interaction between ordinary electromagnetic modes

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krishan ◽  
D. Rankin ◽  
A. A. Selim
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Scattering Matrix ◽  
Resonant Interaction ◽  
Electron Drift Velocity ◽  
Larmor Radius ◽  
Electron Drift ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Equal Density

Resonant interaction between three ordinary modes, modified by electrons streaming parallel or antiparallel to the static magnetic field of a homogeneous plasma, is investigated. The modes propagate perpendicular to the magnetic field. If the unperturbed current density is zero, the scattering matrix for three-wave resonant interaction depends only on the cube of the electron drift velocity. If two electron beams of equal density are counter-streaming, the scattering matrix vanishes completely. If the unperturbed current density is non-zero, the matrix depends on the linear and cubic terms in the electron drift velocity. In the present investigation, the Hamiltonian approach, which is microscopic in nature, has been used, and therefore the results are valid for arbitrary ratios of Larmor radius to wavelength.

scholarly journals Critical current density of bronze‐processed multifilamentary Nb3Sn wires with magnesium addition to the matrix

1984 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Wu ◽  
D. R. Dietderich ◽  
P. E. Johnson‐Walls ◽  
J. Glazer ◽  
J. T. Holthuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Current Density ◽  
Critical Current ◽  
Current Density ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Magnesium Addition

Reversible nonlinear electrical conductive behavior of high-density polyethylene composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Zhao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Percolation Threshold ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polyethylene Composites

The reversible nonlinear electrical conductive properties of high-density polyethylene composites filled separately with carbon black (CB), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and carbon fiber (CF) were measured using a four-electrode method. It was found that these composites presented significant reversible nonlinear electrical conductive behavior under these experimental conditions; the correlation between the current density and the electrical field intensity was linear in a bi-logarithmic coordinate system; both the crossover current density and the conductivity were approximately a linear function of the conductivity in a bi-logarithmic coordinate system; there was a synergic effect in the electrical conductivity percolation threshold between the CB and CF in the matrix, and the percolation threshold decreased with increasing the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific area of the CB.

Diagnostics in a single element of a matrix source of negative hydrogen ions

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 02B101 ◽  
Author(s):  
St. Lishev ◽  
D. Yordanov ◽  
A. Shivarova
Keyword(s):  
Single Element ◽  
Hydrogen Ions

scholarly journals ELECTROCATALYSIS OF THE HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION ON CoRe, CoWRe SUPERALLOYS DEPOSITED FROM CITRATE ELECTROLYTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Yuliya Yapontseva ◽  
Tetiana Maltseva ◽  
Valeriy Kublanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Citrate Electrolyte ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Rhenium Content ◽  
Deposition Current Density

The reaction of electroreduction of hydrogen ions on binary CoRe and ternary CoWRe alloys electrodeposited from a citrate electrolyte with different amount of potassium perrhenate (0.01 and 0.05 mol·L-1) depending on the deposition current density (5–40 A·cm-2) has been investigated by the method of stationary voltammetry. The kinetic parameters of the reaction have been calculated, and it is shown that the use of ternary alloys allows one to increase the value of exchange current density by almost an order of magnitude and significantly reduce the overvoltage of hydrogen reduction in comparison with cobalt. It is shown that the best electrocatalysts for the reduction of hydrogen in alkaline solution can be ternary CoWRe alloys with a rhenium content of 15–20 at. %.

TEM Observations of the Precipitation of A2 Particles in D03 Precipitates in Fe-Si-V Alloy System

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Doi ◽  
Daisuke Sakai ◽  
Toshiyuki Koyama ◽  
Takao Kozakai ◽  
Tomokazu Moritani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Corrosion Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
The Matrix

The present study examined the effects of heat treatment and the addition of Cu-Ni alloy on the corrosion resistance of the matrix of spheroidal graphite cast iron in aqueous environments. Test materials of white cast iron and carbon steel were used for comparison with spheroidal graphite cast iron. The alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron that added Cu and Ni was prepared. The spheroidal graphite cast iron was subjected to three kinds of heat treatment to adjust the matrix: annealing, oil quenching, and austemper heat treatment. In electrochemical tests, measurements of corrosion electrode potential and cathode and anode polarization were used. The following was clarified from the relationship between the electrode potential and current density of each of the materials in each of the solution. The alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron had a high corrosion electrode potential owing to the addition of Cu-Ni, and tended to have a low corrosion current density. This demonstrates that in any of the materials having a matrix adjusted by heat treatment, the addition of Cu-Ni increased the corrosion resistance. The corrosion current density was highest in a sulfuric acid environment.

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