The effect of ambient temperature on a gas turbine performance in part load operation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklilu Tesfamichael Baheta ◽  
Syed Ihtsham-Ul-Haq Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Turbine Performance

A Generalized Mathematical Model to Estimate Gas Turbine Starting Characteristics

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Agrawal ◽  
M. Yunis
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
System Combination ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Starting Characteristics ◽  
Starting Torque

The paper describes a generalized mathematical model to estimate gas turbine performance in the starting regime of the engine. These estimates are then used to calculate the minimum engine starting torque requirements, thereby defining the specifications for the aircraft starting system. Alternatively, the model can also be used to estimate the start up time at any ambient temperature or altitude for a given engine/aircraft starting system combination.

The Impact of Atmospheric Conditions on Gas Turbine Performance

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. El Hadik
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
The Impact

In a hot summer climate, as in Kuwait and other Arabian Gulf countries, the performance of a gas turbine deteriorates drastically during the high-temperature hours (up to 60°C in Kuwait). Power demand is the highest at these times. This necessitates an increase in installed gas turbine capacities to balance this deterioration. Gas turbines users are becoming aware of this problem as they depend more on gas turbines to satisfy their power needs and process heat for desalination due to the recent technical and economical development of gas turbines. This paper is devoted to studying the impact of atmospheric conditions, such as ambient temperature, pressure, and relative humidity on gas turbine performance. The reason for considering air pressures different from standard atmospheric pressure at the compressor inlet is the variation of this pressure with altitude. The results of this study can be generalized to include the cases of flights at high altitudes. A fully interactive computer program based on the derived governing equations is developed. The effects of typical variations of atmospheric conditions on power output and efficiency are considered. These include ambient temperature (range from −20 to 60°C), altitude (range from zero to 2000 m above sea level), and relative humidity (range from zero to 100 percent). The thermal efficiency and specific net work of a gas turbine were calculated at different values of maximum turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and variable environmental conditions. The value of TIT is a design factor that depends on the material specifications and the fuel/air ratio. Typical operating values of TIT in modern gas turbines were chosen for this study: 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 K. Both partial and full loads were considered in the analysis. Finally the calculated results were compared with actual gas turbine data supplied by manufacturers.

scholarly journals A Generalized Mathematical Model to Estimate Gas Turbine Starting Characteristics

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Agrawal ◽  
M. Yunis
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
System Combination ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Starting Characteristics ◽  
Starting Torque

The paper describes a generalized mathematical model to estimate gas turbine performance in the starting regime of the engine. These estimates are then used to calculate the minimum engine starting torque requirements, thereby defining the specifications for the aircraft starting system. Alternatively, the model can also be used to estimate the start up time at any ambient temperature or altitude for a given engine/aircraft starting system combination.

Aero-Thermodynamic Simulation of a Double-Shaft Industrial Evaporative Gas Turbine

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Camporeale ◽  
B. Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Advanced Cycles

A modeling study has been carried out in order to determine the behavior of evaporative industrial gas turbines power plants at part-load and for varying ambient temperature. On-design and off-design performance have been analyzed by means of a computational program developed for the analysis of advanced cycles. In order to verify the mathematical model and to evaluate the characteristics of up-to-date gas turbine technology, an industrial engine, presently available on the market, has been simulated. A double-shaft gas turbine for power generation has been considered. On-design performance and ratings vs. ambient temperature have been evaluated, with good accordance. It is assumed that, in order to realize a Recuperated Water Injected (RWI) cycle, the industrial gas turbine could be modified, maintaining substantially unchanged the compression system and modifying the turbine blades. The thermodynamic analysis of the cycle has been carried out in order to determine efficiency and power output as a function of the amount of water addition. The RWI cycle gas turbine has been designed and the characteristic maps of the two new turbines have been evaluated. The regulation is performed by means of the simultaneous manipulation of fuel flow rate, water rate, and position of the free turbine nozzle guide vanes (NGV). The regulation criteria, the interaction among the input variables, the safety of the operations (max. turbine inlet temperature, surge limits) and the optimization of the part-load efficiency, are examined and discussed. Ratings as a function of the ambient temperature are examined. The possibility to manipulate the water rate and the position of the NGV in order to provide high efficiency and power output, even on hot days, has been examined. The paper shows that maintaining constant the temperature at the power turbine exit, ratings decrease of 17% in power and 5% in efficiency.

Part-Load Performance of Gas Turbines: Part II — Multi-Point Adaptation With Compressor Map Generation and GA Optimization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tsoutsanis ◽  
Y. G. Li ◽  
P. Pilidis ◽  
M. Newby
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Map Generation ◽  
Compressor Map ◽  
Performance Adaptation

Accurate gas turbine performance simulation is a vital aid to the operational and maintenance strategy of thermal plants having gas turbines as their prime mover. Prediction of the part load performance of a gas turbine depends on the quality of the engine’s component maps. Taking into consideration that compressor maps are proprietary information of the manufacturers, several methods have been developed to encounter the above limitation by scaling and adapting component maps. This part of the paper presents a new off-design performance adaptation approach with the use of a novel compressor map generation method and Genetic Algorithms (GA) optimization. A set of coefficients controlling a generic compressor performance map analytically is used in the optimization process for the adaptation of the gas turbine performance model to match available engine test data. The developed method has been tested with off-design performance simulations and applied to a GE LM2500+ aeroderivative gas turbine operating in Manx Electricity Authority’s combined cycle power plant in the Isle of Man. It has been also compared with an earlier off-design performance adaptation approach, and shown some advantages in the performance adaptation.

Gas Turbine Fogging Technology: A State-of-the-Art Review—Part I: Inlet Evaporative Fogging—Analytical and Experimental Aspects

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Bhargava ◽  
C. B. Meher-Homji ◽  
M. A. Chaker ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Experimental Findings

Ambient temperature strongly influences gas turbine power output causing a reduction of around 0.50% to 0.90% for every 1°C of temperature rise. There is also a significant increase in the gas turbine heat rate as the ambient temperature rises, resulting in an increased operating cost. As the increase in power demand is usually coincident with high ambient temperature, power augmentation during the hot part of the day becomes important for independent power producers, cogenerators, and electric utilities. Evaporative and overspray fogging are simple, proven, and cost effective approaches for recovering lost gas turbine performance. A comprehensive review of the current understanding of the analytical, experimental, and practical aspects including climatic and psychrometric aspects of high-pressure inlet evaporative fogging technology is provided. A discussion of analytical and experimental results relating to droplets dynamics, factors affecting droplets size, and inlet duct configuration effects on inlet evaporative fogging is covered in this paper. Characteristics of commonly used fogging nozzles are also described and experimental findings presented.

Fogging for Evaporative Cooling Effects on Siemens V94.2 Gas Turbine Performance

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brusca ◽  
R. Lanzafame
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Cooling Effects

In order to study the effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on the performance of the Siemens V94.2 gas turbine, installed as a topper in an IGCC complex and fed with syngas, a mathematical model of the engine has been developed and implemented into GateCycle environment. The model was fine tuned using experimental data of plant. Thermodynamic analysis of the gas turbine performance, depending on ambient temperature and relative humidity, has been carried out. Results show the strong dependence of engine performance on ambient temperature (in the range from 30 °C to 40 °C). Theoretical and experimental results have been shown that ambient air humidity decreases power losses due to high external temperature. In order to optimize power production in this temperature range, an artificial humidifier was implemented into the model. Furthermore, “Fogging for Evaporative Cooling” technique effects on performance of the gas turbine have been studied. Using GateCycle model, simulations have been carried out as regards to temperature variation in the range which power losses occur. Two control strategies of the artificial air humidifier have been implemented: the first is characterized by an air humidity constant at the intake of the compressor (set to 95%); the second one is characterized by an air temperature constant at the intake of the compressor (set to the temperature corresponding to maximum IGV opening). For both control strategies, power losses recovery can be achieved depending on base air humidity and temperature. Applying the second control strategy, lower water consumption was achieved but a compression ratio very close to the limit value was observed.

Off-Design Analysis of a MCFC-Gas Turbine Hybrid Plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Iora ◽  
S. Campanari ◽  
A. Salogni
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Turbine Shaft ◽  
Load Behavior ◽  
Plant Power ◽  
Plant Components

The paper presents a model for the off-design analysis of a hybrid plant based on a MCFC and a gas-turbine. The model is used to define a possible regulation strategy for the power plant, minimizing the performance decay at partial load and allowing investigation of the interaction issues among the different plant components. The hybrid plant reflects at nominal conditions the expected performances for the 500 kW-class MCFC plant proposed by Ansaldo Fuel Cells. The simulation is carried out respecting the matching of the gas-turbine and the part-load behavior of the fuel cell and the heat exchangers. The gas-turbine is modeled through compressor and turbine performance maps, and the FC is modeled through a finite volume code. The results indicate the possibility to regulate effectively the plant power output acting on the turbine shaft speed, the air-to-fuel ratio, the bypass of cathode air, and the fuel utilization, achieving very high part-load efficiency and respecting constraints on the admitted operating range for the plant components.

Steady State Off-Design Performance of Humid Air Turbine Cycle

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Shijie Zhang ◽  
Yunhan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The Humid Air Turbine (HAT) cycle is recognized as a competitive innovative gas turbine cycle with good off-design thermodynamic performance. However, the off-design performance of the HAT cycle has not been sufficiently analyzed. In this paper, a steady state on-design and off-design thermodynamic performance investigation of the HAT cycle was presented by comparing the HAT cycle with other competitive gas turbine cycles. In order to perform energy analysis of various gas turbine cycles, a gas turbine cycle analysis system was developed, where the advanced detailed component models of the investigated cycles were built and integrated. A detailed turbine cooling model including various cooling methods was used to indicate the effects of the turbine cooling on the thermodynamic performance of the gas turbine cycles when the turbine inlet temperature is high. The model can also indicate changes in level of cooling technology. The saturator was simulated as a one-dimensional model which can be used to size the saturator at on-design condition and to investigate the thermodynamic performance of the saturator at off-design condition. The HAT cycle was compared with four different cycles for on-design and off-design thermodynamic performances: 1) simple cycle, 2) recuperated cycle (REC), 3) recuperated water injected (RWI) cycle and 4) steam injection gas turbine (STIG) cycle. The focus of the comparison was put on the thermodynamic off-design performance of the different gas turbine cycles. The effects of ambient temperature and load reduction (part-load at ISO conditions) on the thermodynamic performance of the simple, the recuperated, the RWI, the STIG and the HAT cycle were investigated and compared. The results indicate that the HAT cycle can recover the low grade heat efficiently and when ambient temperature increases, HAT cycle has the most favorable off-design performance. At part-load conditions, the off-design performance of HAT cycle is not so good as STIG cycle and simple cycle, but is better than the RWI cycle and recuperated cycle.

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