Performance of a Low-Cost, Low-Concentration Photovoltaic Module

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara A. Shell ◽  
Scott A. Brown ◽  
Mark A. Schuetz ◽  
Bob J. Davis ◽  
Roger H. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Low Concentration

Optimization of the Design of Hydrogen Production Systems Based on Product Cost

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Mraoui ◽  
Abdallah Khellaf
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pv Generator ◽  
Practical Constraints

Abstract In this work, the design of a hydrogen production system was optimized for Algiers in Algeria. The system produces hydrogen by electrolysis using a photovoltaic (PV) generator as a source of electricity. All the elements of the system have been modeled to take into account practical constraints. The cost of producing hydrogen has been minimized by varying the total power of the photovoltaic generator. An optimal ratio between the peak power of the PV array and the nominal power of the electrolyzer was determined. Photovoltaic module technology has been varied using a large database of electrical characteristics. It was noted that PV technology does not have a very significant impact on cost. The minimum cost is around 0.44$/N m3, and the power ratio in this case is 1.45. This results in a cost reduction of around 12% compared to a unit ratio. The power ratio and cost are linearly dependent. Only a small number of technologies give a relatively low cost of about 0.35$/N m3. These generators are interesting; however, we assumed an initial cost of $2.00/Wp for all technologies. In addition, it was noted that it is possible to increase hydrogen production by 10% by increasing the power of the photovoltaic generator, the extra cost in this case will only be 0.1%.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Low Concentration PVP-Silver Nanoparticles Deposited on DBD Plasma-Treated Polyamide 6,6 Fabric

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Ribeiro ◽  
Dilara Senturk ◽  
Késia Karina Silva ◽  
Martina Modic ◽  
Uros Cvelbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Antibacterial Textiles ◽  
Fabric Surface

In this study, a low concentration (10 μg·mL−1) of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were deposited by spray and exhaustion (30, 70 and 100 °C) methods onto untreated and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-treated polyamide 6,6 (PA66) fabric. DBD plasma-treated samples showed higher AgNP deposition than untreated ones for all methods. After five washing cycles, only DBD plasma-treated samples displayed AgNPs on the fabric surface. The best-performing method was exhaustion at 30 °C, which exhibited less agglomeration and the best antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus (4 log reduction). For E. coli, the antimicrobial effect showed good results in all the exhaustion samples (5 log reduction). Considering the spray method, only the DBD plasma-treated samples showed some bacteriostatic activity for both strains, but the AgNP concentration was not enough to have a bactericidal effect. Our results suggest DBD plasma may be a low cost and chemical-free method for the preparation of antibacterial textiles, allowing for the immobilization of a very low—but effective—concentration of AgNPs.

scholarly journals Design of a low-cost measuring and plotting device for photovoltaic modules

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1318
Author(s):  
Sudipta Basu Pal ◽  
Abhijit Das ◽  
Konika Das (Bhattacharya) ◽  
Dipankar Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Testing Apparatus ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Capacitive Loading

The photovoltaic module testing apparatus being used presently for photovoltaic measurements acts principally on the method of photovoltaic module loading with resistive, capacitive, and electronic elements. In this work, a new method is described using a supercapacitor as the load to the photovoltaic module. This technique of characterization has proved to generate reliable V–I characteristics as validated by statistical and mathematical analyses in this article. Heat dissipation affecting the functioning of the photovoltaic modules is a common occurrence with resistive and capacitive loading techniques. It is reduced significantly in this method using supercapacitors, and curve tracing time is extremely modest and easily controllable. In effect, a low-cost, portable, and reliable I–V plotter is developed, which is operational from an embedded systems platform integrated with smart sensors. This I–V tracer has been used for the performance assessment of solar modules ranging from 10 to 100 Wp under varying climatic conditions in the eastern region of India. This test kit so developed in the photovoltaic engineering laboratory at Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, is estimated to be useful for practicing engineers and photovoltaic scientists and in particular for photovoltaic module manufacturers. The performance parameters such as fill factor and performance ratio of photovoltaic modules measured by the device have been found to have almost identical values as the measurements from a reference commercial testing apparatus. The data pertaining to peak wattage as measured by the designed plotter have been found to be closely converging with an industry-friendly YOKOGAWA Power Meter (WT 330). Such peak values of power as measured and claimed by the datasheets will help reduce the uncertainties in measurement, leading to increased confidence of photovoltaic module manufacturers and investors. With this backdrop, the necessary work for scaling up of the low-cost I–V plotter has been taken up for assessing the performance of higher wattage photovoltaic modules.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Simulator for Photovoltaic Modules

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Hui Tang ◽  
Kuei-Hsiang Chao ◽  
Yuan-Wei Chao ◽  
Jyun-Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Output Characteristic ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Power Conditioner ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Parallel Configuration

Proposed in this paper is the development of a photovoltaic module simulator, one capable of running an output characteristic simulation under normal operation according to various electrical parameters specified and exhibiting multiple advantages of being low cost, small sized, and easy to implement. In comparison with commercial simulation tools, Pspice and Solar Pro, the simulator developed demonstrates a comparableI-Vas well as aP-Voutput characteristic curve. In addition, a series-parallel configuration of individual modules constitutes a photovoltaic module array, which turns into a photovoltaic power generation system with an integrated power conditioner.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Optimization of an Innovative Low-Cost Photovoltaic Solar Concentrator

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Cotana ◽  
Federico Rossi ◽  
Andrea Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Economical Evaluation ◽  
Geometrical Factors ◽  
The Cost

Many researches showed that the cost of the energy produced by photovoltaic (PV) concentrators is strongly reduced with respect to flat panels, especially in those countries that have a high solar irradiation. The cost drop comes from the reduction of the expensive high-efficiency photovoltaic surface through the use of optical concentrators of the solar radiation. In this paper, an experimental innovative PV low-concentration system is analysed. Numerical simulations were performed to determine the possible reasons of energy losses in the prototype, primarily due to geometrical factors. In particular, the effect of the shadows produced from the mirrors on the prototype performances was analysed: shadows are often neglected in the design phase of such systems. The study demonstrates that shadows may affect the performances of a hypothetical optimized PV low-concentration system up to 15%. Finally, an economical evaluation was carried out comparing the proposed optimized system to a traditional flat PV panel.

Development of a high/low concentration photovoltaic module with dichroic spectrum splitting

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1190-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Antonini ◽  
Mariangela A. Butturi ◽  
Paolo Zurru ◽  
Matthew Norton ◽  
Antonio Parretta
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Spectrum Splitting

scholarly journals A Low Cost System for Testing and Monitoring the Performance of Photovoltaic Module

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.-M. POP-CALIMANU ◽  
T. ANNA ◽  
V. POPESCU ◽  
G. MUNTEAN
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Cost System
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