scholarly journals Electron transverse energy distribution in GaAs negative electron affinity cathodes: Calculations compared to experiments

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1809-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vergara ◽  
A. Herrera‐Gómez ◽  
W. E. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Transverse Energy ◽  
Negative Electron Affinity ◽  
Transverse Energy Distribution

Analysis of the transverse energy distribution of hopping electrons through a glass funnel

2005 ◽  
Vol 251 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Zhang ◽  
Wei Lei ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Laibin Zhang ◽  
Daniel den Engelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Transverse Energy ◽  
Transverse Energy Distribution

Mean Transverse Energy Measurement of Negative Electron Affinity GaAs-Based Photocathode

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 046402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunya Matsuba ◽  
Yosuke Honda ◽  
Xiuguang Jin ◽  
Tsukasa Miyajima ◽  
Masahiro Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Transverse Energy ◽  
Energy Measurement ◽  
Negative Electron Affinity

Transverse-energy distribution in proton–nucleus collisions at high energy

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-748
Author(s):  
F -H Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Transverse Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nuclear Collision ◽  
200 Gev ◽  
Transverse Energy Distribution

Based on the model of nuclear-collision geometry, the independent N–N collision picture and participant contribution picture are used to describe the transverse-energy distribution in p–A collisions at high energy. In the independent N–N collision picture, the energy loss of leading proton in each p–N collision is considered. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data of p–Al, p–Cu, and p–U collisions at 200 GeV/c. PACS Nos.: 13.85-t, 13.85Hd, 25.75-q

The transverse energy distribution in proton-lead collisions

1986 ◽  
Vol 447 ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Akesson ◽  
Y. Choi ◽  
P. Dam ◽  
G. DiTorre ◽  
C. Fabjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Transverse Energy ◽  
Transverse Energy Distribution

Characterization of Secondary Electron Emission from Materials with Low or Negative Electron Affinity

1998 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Yater ◽  
A. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Negative Electron Affinity ◽  
Diamond Surfaces

AbstractSecondary electron emission spectroscopy is used to examine the emission characteristics of diamond films as a function of the bulk and surface properties. We find significant variation in the secondary electron yields measured from diamond surfaces even when energy distribution measurements indicate that a low or negative electron affinity is present. In particular, we observe that the material properties, such as bulk and surface uniformity, surface composition, and impurity and defect concentrations, have a strong affect on the secondary electron yield measurements. Furthermore, the energy distribution of the emitted electrons is found to vary with adsorbate species. In certain cases, the energy distribution changes with adsorbate coverage even though the measured electron intensity remains unchanged. From an analysis of the data, we identify bulk and surface properties needed to optimize the emission characteristics.

scholarly journals The transverse energy distribution in hadron-lead collisions

1988 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Åkesson ◽  
Y. Choi ◽  
P. Dam ◽  
G. DiTorre ◽  
C. W. Fabjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Transverse Energy ◽  
Transverse Energy Distribution
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