Effect of deposition parameters and semi-empirical relations between non-linear refractive index with linear refractive index and third order susceptibility for a-Ge20Se70-xIn10Bix thin films

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 043108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishu Sharma ◽  
S. K. Tripathi ◽  
P. B. Barman
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Linear Refractive Index ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Order Susceptibility

scholarly journals Observation of high nonlinearity in Bi doped BixIn35-xSe65 thin films with annealing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Priyadarshini ◽  
Subhashree Das ◽  
D. Alagarasan ◽  
R. Ganesan ◽  
S. Varadharajaperumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Linear Refractive Index ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Optical Bandgaps ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe present work demonstrates the impact of thermal annealing on the structural, linear, and non-linear optical characteristics of thermally evaporated BixIn35-xSe65 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15 at%) thin films. The prominent crystalline phases have been developed for all annealed films at 450 °C whereas the films remain amorphous at 350 °C annealing. The XRD and Raman analysis showed the phase transformation of Bi-doped films and new Bi2Se3 phases developed upon annealing at 450 °C. The phase transformation induced change increased the linear and nonlinear properties with great extent as seen from the UV–visible optical studies. The direct and indirect optical bandgaps decreased with annealing temperature and also with Bi % content due to the formation of surface dangling bonds near the crystallite sites. The static linear refractive index and high-frequency dielectric constants were increased with annealing. The third-order non-linear susceptibility and non-linear refractive index were found to be greatly influenced by annealing temperature and increased with bismuth content. The FESEM micrographs also showed the phase transformation and EDX analysis showed the composition. The results obtained from the materials showed the potentiality to be useful for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.

scholarly journals Determination of non-linear refractive index of laser crystals and ceramics via different optical techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 100065
Author(s):  
Laurent Lamaignère ◽  
Guido Toci ◽  
Barbara Patrizi ◽  
Matteo Vannini ◽  
Angela Pirri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Techniques ◽  
Linear Refractive Index ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Laser Crystals

Study the Nonlinearity Characteristics of Organic-Semiconductor (CuPc) Prepared Via Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique with Different Thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed T. Hussein ◽  
Reem R. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Pulsed Laser Deposition ◽  
Copper Phthalocyanine ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
Linear Refractive Index ◽  
Non Linear

The optical absorption spectrum, Photoluminesces, and non-linear optical properties for Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films (150,300 and 450 nm) respectively have been investigated via pulsed laser deposition technique. The absorption spectrum indicted that there are two bands one in UV around 330 nm which called B-band and the second in Visible around 650nm which called Q-band. Photoluminescence spectrum related to deposit samples has been determined with different thicknesses. From closed and open aperture Z-scan data non-linear absorption coefficient and non-linear refractive index have been calculated respectively using He-Ne laser which have beam waist of (24.2 μm), wave-length of (632.8 nm) and Rayleigh thickness was 2.9 mm. Through dividing closed by open apertures, non-linear refractive index was calculated accurately. Finally, the study also showed the suitability of the deposited films as an optical limiter at the wavelength 632.8 nm.

Optical limiting properties of BODIPY dyes substituted with styryl or vinylene groups on the nanosecond timescale

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 701-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhle Ndebele ◽  
Zweli Hlatshwayo ◽  
Bokolombe P. Ngoy ◽  
Gugu Kubheka ◽  
John Mack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nanosecond Laser Pulses ◽  
532 Nm ◽  
Order Susceptibility

The results of recent studies on the optical limiting properties of BODIPY dyes at 532 and 1064 nm are described and compared. The optical limiting properties of novel 1,7-dimethyl-3,5-di-4-dihydroxyborylstyryl- and 3,5,7-tristyryl-1-methyl-BODIPY dyes were studied in CH2Cl2 and C6H6 and polystyrene thin films using the open aperture Z-scan technique at 532 nm with nanosecond laser pulses to provide an example of how the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient, the third order susceptibility, hyperpolarizability and limiting thresholds can be calculated.

Optical limiting behavior of ring substituted zinc, indium and gallium phthalocyanines in the presence of quantum dots

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (11n12) ◽  
pp. 1239-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Britton ◽  
Christian Litwinski ◽  
Mahmut Durmuş ◽  
Vongani Chauke ◽  
Tebello Nyokong
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Limiting Behavior ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Limiting Parameters ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Order Susceptibility

This paper presents the study of the effects of CdTe-TGA quantum dots (QDs) on optical limiting ability of different phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes (1–10) containing Zn , Ga , In central metals and substituted with benzyloxyphenoxy, phenoxy, tert-butylphenoxy and amino groups. The optical limiting parameters of Pcs were higher for tert-butylphenoxy when compared to benzyloxyphenoxy and phenoxy substituents, in DMSO. Non-peripheral substitution decreased the optical limiting parameters. Third-order susceptibility (Im[χ(3)]/α) values of Pcs in the absence and presence of CdTe QDs were in the 10-12 to 10-10 esu.cm range. Hyperpolarizabilities (γ) ranged from 10-31 to 10-29 esu L for Pc alone or in mixture with QDs. There is a general improvement in optical limiting ability of Pc complexes in the presence of CdTe TGA QDs. Due to these promising results, future work can be implemented for the creation of Pc:QD thin films, which would then be examined to ensure that their optical limiting ability is still acceptable.

A refractive index of a kink in curved space

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftachul Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Curvature Tensor ◽  
Topological Charge ◽  
Winding Number ◽  
Linear Optics ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Linear Refractive Index ◽  
Rank Tensor ◽  
Non Linear

The refractive index and curvature relation is formulated using the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor. As a consequence of the fourth rank tensor of the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor, we found that the refractive index should be a second rank tensor. The second rank tensor of the refractive index describes a linear optics. It implies naturally that the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor is related to the linear optics. In case of a non-linear optics, it implies that the refractive index is a sixth rank tensor, if susceptibility is a fourth rank tensor. The Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor is still able to be formulated but with a reduction term. The relation between the (linear and non-linear) refractive index and (linear and non-linear) mass in curved space are formulated. Related to the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor, we formulate "the (linear and non-linear) generalized Einstein field equations". Sine-Gordon model in curved space is shown, where the Lagrangian is the total energy or mass of model. The mass of a kink (anti-kink) is shown, where it is associated with a topological charge. This topological charge is interpreted as a winding number. We formulate the relation between the (linear and non-linear) refractive index of the kink (anti-kink) and the topological charge-the winding number. Deflection of light is discussed in brief where the (linear and non-linear) angle of light deflection are formulated in relation with the mass (the topological charge, the winding number) of the kink (anti-kink).

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