Robust three-body water simulation model

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (18) ◽  
pp. 184501 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Tainter ◽  
P. A. Pieniazek ◽  
Y.-S. Lin ◽  
J. L. Skinner
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2268-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig J. Tainter ◽  
Liang Shi ◽  
James L. Skinner
Keyword(s):  

1985 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung Jip Yoon ◽  
Keiji Morokuma ◽  
Ernest R. Davidson

Rangifer ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Gotaas ◽  
Nicholas J.C. Tyler

Rates of equilibration and subsequent wash-out of tritium were measured in parallel samples of blood, rumen fluid and faeces collected from two adult female Norwegian reindeer in summer and in winter. The tritium-concentration was the same in all three body water compartments after no more than 9 h following both intravenous and intra-ruminal injection of isotope in summer and following intravenous injection of isotope in winter. The biological half-life of the tritium increased from approximately 3 days in summer to approximately 10 days in winter, probably as a consequence of a decrease in water intake. There were no significant differences in disappearance rates of tritium from blood, rumen fluid and faeces within any of the six experiments. Fresh faeces is therefore a reliable source of body water that can be used in place of blood in studies of body water kinetics in reindeer, thus making it potentially possible to conduct such studies on truly free-living and undisturbed animals.


1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (47) ◽  
pp. 9669-9674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A van der Hoef ◽  
Paul A Madden

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Leskens ◽  
M. Brugnach ◽  
A. Y. Hoekstra

Water simulation models are available to support decision-makers in urban water management. To use current water simulation models, special expertise is required. Therefore, model information is prepared prior to work sessions, in which decision-makers weigh different solutions. However, this model information quickly becomes outdated when new suggestions for solutions arise and are therefore limited in use. We suggest that new model techniques, i.e. fast and flexible computation algorithms and realistic visualizations, allow this problem to be solved by using simulation models during work sessions. A new Interactive Water Simulation Model was applied for two case study areas in Amsterdam and was used in two workshops. In these workshops, the Interactive Water Simulation Model was positively received. It included non-specialist participants in the process of suggesting and selecting possible solutions and made them part of the accompanying discussions and negotiations. It also provided the opportunity to evaluate and enhance possible solutions more often within the time horizon of a decision-making process. Several preconditions proved to be important for successfully applying the Interactive Water Simulation Model, such as the willingness of the stakeholders to participate and the preparation of different general main solutions that can be used for further iterations during a work session.


1986 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 6085-6092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wojcik ◽  
Enrico Clementi

1986 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 3544-3549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wojcik ◽  
Enrico Clementi

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