scholarly journals A New Approach for RRR Determination of Niobium Single Crystal Based on AC Magnetic Susceptibility

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Ermakov ◽  
Alexander V. Korolev ◽  
Waldemar Singer ◽  
Xenia Singer
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Ac Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
New Approach

SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL MANGANESE-BASED SINGLE-MOLECULE NANOMAGNETS

2002 ◽  
Vol 01 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINKWON KIM ◽  
HAENGKYU CHO ◽  
AHKILESH K. GUPTA ◽  
JIN MOOK LIM ◽  
YOUNGKYU DO
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Ac Susceptibility ◽  
Ac Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography

New Mn12 single-molecule nanomagnets [ Mn 12 O 12( O 2 CCHCl 2)( H 2 O )4]· 2CH 2 Cl 2· H 2 O and [ Mn 12 O 12( O 2 CCHCl 2)( H 2 O )4]· 2CH 3 C 6 H 5· 4H 2 O and novel Mn18 complexes [ M 18 O 14( O 2 CR )18( hmp )4( hmpH )2( H 2 O )2] (R=Me, Et) have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography and dc- and ac-magnetic susceptibility measurements. Mn12 complexes show characteristic SMM properties, such as temperature-dependent out-of-phase ac-susceptibility. Mn18 does not show relaxation behaviors down to 2.0 K, but reveals magnetic anisotropy in reduced magnetization experiment.

A New Approach for Single Crystal Materials Analysis: Theory and Application to Initial Yielding

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bande ◽  
J. A. Nemes
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Global State ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Materials Analysis ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Tension Compression Asymmetry

A new approach used for single crystal (SC) materials analysis is described. Its principle is based on the extension of predictive models for isotropic material behavior to anisotropic materials such as SC nickel base superalloys. A viscoplastic model describes the material in the macroscopic level while a factor, based on the crystallographic approach, accounts for the global state of micro slip on the crystal. The combination of both elements defines the so-called “combined approach” (CA). This paper presents the development of the theory and its applications to the determination of initial yielding and tension–compression asymmetry.

The magnetic susceptibility of an MnO single crystal

1959 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 424-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. McGuire ◽  
R.J. Happel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Single Crystal

The Dudley Lee Case: A new approach to factual causation and its implications for transformative jurisprudence

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Anmari Meerkotter
Keyword(s):  
Case Note ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
New Approach ◽  
State Accountability ◽  
The Law ◽  
Transformative Impact ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence ◽  
Law Of Delict

The Constitutional Court (CC) judgment of Lee v Minister of Correction Services 2013 2SA 144 (CC) is a recent contribution to transformative constitutional jurisprudence in the field of the law of delict. This matter turned on the issue of factual causation in the context of wrongful and negligent systemic omissions by the state. In this case note, I explore the law relating to this element of delictual liability with specific regard to the traditional test for factual causation – the conditio sine qua non (‘but-for’) test. In particular, I note the problems occasioned by formalistic adherence to this test in the context of systemic state omissions as evidenced by the SCA judgment in the same matter. I also consider the manner in which English courts have addressed this problem. Thereafter, I analyse the CC’s broader approach to the determination of factual causation as one based on common sense and justice. I argue that this approach endorses a break from a formalistic application of the test and constitutes a step towards an approach which resonates with the foundational constitutional values of freedom, dignity and equality. Furthermore, it presents an appropriate solution to the problems associated with factual causation where systemic omissions are concerned. I then consider the transformative impact of the Lee judgment. In particular, I argue that the broader enquiry favoured by the CC facilitates the realisation of constitutionally guaranteed state accountability, and amounts to an extension of the existing norm of accountability jurisprudence. Hence, I contend that the judgment presents a further effort by the Constitutional Court to effect wholesale the constitutionalisation of the law of delict, as well as a vindicatory tool to be used by litigants who have been adversely affected by systemic state omissions.

Single Crystal Growth of High-Pressure Phases of Ice and Salt Hydrate Far Below the Original Melting Point by Mixing Alcohol: Crystal Structure Determination of Magnesium Chloride Heptahydrate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keishiro Yamashita ◽  
Kazuki Komatsu ◽  
Hiroyuki Kagi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Growth Technique ◽  
Salt Hydrate ◽  
X Ray

An crystal-growth technique for single crystal x-ray structure analysis of high-pressure forms of hydrogen-bonded crystals is proposed. We used alcohol mixture (methanol: ethanol = 4:1 in volumetric ratio), which is a widely used pressure transmitting medium, inhibiting the nucleation and growth of unwanted crystals. In this paper, two kinds of single crystals which have not been obtained using a conventional experimental technique were obtained using this technique: ice VI at 1.99 GPa and MgCl<sub>2</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O at 2.50 GPa at room temperature. Here we first report the crystal structure of MgCl2·7H2O. This technique simultaneously meets the requirement of hydrostaticity for high-pressure experiments and has feasibility for further in-situ measurements.

Automatic Determination of Optimal FIB Operations for Improved Circuit Probing and Fast Reconfiguration

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Desplats ◽  
Timothee Dargnies ◽  
Jean-Christophe Courrege ◽  
Philippe Perdu ◽  
Jean-Louis Noullet
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Semiconductor Devices ◽  
Front Side ◽  
Automatic Determination ◽  
Metal Line ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Metal Layers

Abstract Focused Ion Beam (FIB) tools are widely used for Integrated Circuit (IC) debug and repair. With the increasing density of recent semiconductor devices, FIB operations are increasingly challenged, requiring access through 4 or more metal layers to reach a metal line of interest. In some cases, accessibility from the front side, through these metal layers, is so limited that backside FIB operations appear to be the most appropriate approach. The questions to be resolved before starting frontside or backside FIB operations on a device are: 1. Is it do-able, are the metal lines accessible? 2. What is the optimal positioning (e.g. accessing a metal 2 line is much faster and easier than digging down to a metal 6 line)? (for the backside) 3. What risk, time and cost are involved in FIB operations? In this paper, we will present a new approach, which allows the FIB user or designer to calculate the optimal FIB operation for debug and IC repair. It automatically selects the fastest and easiest milling and deposition FIB operations.

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