Ultrasonic measurement of Young’s modulus in dog‐bone‐shaped samples subjected to a tensile stress

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cutard ◽  
D. Fargeot ◽  
C. Gault ◽  
M. Huger
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
Dog Bone

Multi-Parameter Optimization to Improve the Erosion Resistance of Coating by Fe Simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Liuxi Cai ◽  
Shun-sen Wang ◽  
Zhenping Feng
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Tio2 Coating ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Stress Peak

Abstract Finite element method (FEM) was used to study the stress peak of stress S11 (Radial stress component in X-axis) on the steam turbine blade surface of four typical erosion-resistant coatings (Fe2B, CrN, Cr3C2-NiCr and Al2O3-13%TiO2). The effect of four parameters, such as impact velocity, coating thickness, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio on the stress peak of stress S11 were analyzed. Results show that: the position of tensile stress peak and compressive stress peak of stress S11 are far away from the impact center point with the increase of impact velocity. When coating thickness is equal to or greater than 10μm, the magnitude of tensile stress peak of stress S11 on the four coating surfaces does not change with the coating thickness at different impact velocities. When coating thickness is equal to or greater than 2μm, the magnitude of tensile stress peak of stress S11 of four coatings show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of Young's modulus. Meanwhile, the larger the Poisson's ratio, the smaller the tensile stress peak of stress S11. After optimization, When coating thickness is 2μm, Poisson's ratio is 0.35 and Young's modulus is 800 GPa, the Fe2B coating has the strongest erosion resistance under the same impact conditions, followed by Cr3C2-NiCr, CrN, and the Al2O3- 13%TiO2 coating, Al2O3-13%TiO2 coating has the worst erosion resistance.

Significant reduction in Young's modulus of Fe–Ga alloy single crystal by inverse magnetostrictive effect under tensile stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (23) ◽  
pp. 233901 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fujieda ◽  
S. Asano ◽  
S. Hashi ◽  
K. Ishiyama ◽  
T. Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Alloy Single Crystal

Via Electromigration Lifetime Improvement of Aluminum Dual-Damascene Interconnects by Using Soft Low-k Organic SOG Interlayer Dielectrics

2000 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Kaneko ◽  
Takamasa Usui ◽  
Sachiyo Ito ◽  
Masahiko Hasunuma
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Void Nucleation ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Dual Damascene ◽  
Atom Migration ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Damascene Interconnects ◽  
Low K

AbstractThe via electromigration(EM) reliability of aluminum(Al) dual-damascene interconnects by using Niobium(Nb) new reflow liner is described. It has been found that the via EM lifetime was improved by introducing low-k organic spin on glass(SOG)-passivated structure than the conventional TEOS-SiO2/SiN-passivated structure. Higher EM activation energy of 1.08 eV was obtained for the SOG-passivated structure than the conventional TEOS-passivated structure of 0.9 eV, even though no significant Al micro-crystal structure difference was found for both structures. It has been turned out that the low-k SOG material has the 1/7 Young's modulus (8 GPa) of TEOS-SiO2 (57 GPa) or thermal SiO2(70 GPa). The small Young's modulus means that SOG is more elastically deformable and/or softer than TEOS or thermal SiO2. This elastic deformation of the low-k SOG could retard the tensile stress evolution due to the Al atom migration near the cathode via, and elongated the time until the Al interconnect tensile stress exceeds the critical stress value for void nucleation. It has been concluded that the small-RC and reliable multi-level Al interconnect can be realized by the Nb-liner reflow-sputtered process with soft and low-k SOG dielectric materials.

scholarly journals A two-step load-deflection procedure applicable to extract the Young's modulus and the residual tensile stress of circularly shaped thin-film diaphragms

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 114905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Beigelbeck ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Johannes Schalko ◽  
Achim Bittner ◽  
Ulrich Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Residual Tensile Stress

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Measurement of Bone Density and Young's Modulus

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 1412-1422
Author(s):  
Sotomi ISHIHARA ◽  
Bailin DING ◽  
Hiroshi SHIBATA ◽  
Miki OTA ◽  
Takahito GOSHIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement

A note on the elastic stress in tunnel linings

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
D. W. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Circumferential Strain ◽  
Elastic Stress ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Tunnel Lining ◽  
Circular Tunnel ◽  
Qualitative Discussion ◽  
Different Young’S Modulus

A circular tunnel lining is idealized as a perfectly elastic annulus either keyed to, or a sliding fit in a hole in an infinite elastic medium of different Young's modulus, the system being under stress at infinity. The solution to this problem is used to give a qualitative discussion of two situations: 1 The resistance of a tunnel lining is limited amongst other things by its inability to withstand tensile stress. It is shown that in the above idealization, the more flexible the lining the less likely are tensions to arise. Such flexibility might be achieved by allowing the lining freedom to slide relative to the surrounding rock rather than by keying it to the walls, by making it of laminated construction or by lowering its Young's modulus. Increasing the thickness may increase the liability to tension. 2 As a means of estimating the load on a lining, gauges may be placed to measure circumferential strain, and from these measurements the load is deduced by assuming that the lining behaves like a bending beam. A difficulty in interpreting such measurements is pointed out in the case of a keyed lining, when the shearing stresses are very large.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL MODELLING APPLICATIONS ON FRACTURE PREDICTIONS: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE BLUE LIAS FORMATION IN KILVE, UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Adi Patria
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
Fracture Initiation ◽  
Excess Pressure ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Set Up

Numerical modeling using Comsol Multiphysics, with Finite Element Method, has been carried out to study fracture initiation, linkage, and deflection of the Blue Lias Formation. Data were from outcrop observation where hydrofractures were well observed. Three models were set up to understand how fractures initiated, linked and arrested. The Young’s modulus of shales (Esh) was set with the value of 1 GPa, 5 GPa, and 10 GPa. The fluid excess pressure was applied with the value of 5 MPa, 10 MPa, and 15 MPa. The Young’s modulus of the limestone (Elst) was a constant at 10 GPa. The first model showed how the overburden induces fracture initiation. The results indicated that tensile stress concentrated only within limestone and favour to form fractures. The second model was about linking of fractures. The result explained that shear stress was dominantly concentrated in limestone layers. Previous hydrofractures possibly linked up forming shear fractures and en-echelon fractures. The third model was run to understand fracture propagation and deflection. The result was that tensile stress concentrated at the hydrofracture tips close to the contacts between limestone and shale. Hydrofractures were deflected, and in some places, hydrofractures were likely started to propagate through shale.Permodelan numerik dengan Comsol Multiphysics berdasarkan metode Elemen Terbatas  dilakukan untuk mempelajari inisiasi, hubungan, dan defleksi rekahan Formasi Blue Lias. Data berasal dari observasi singkapan dimana hydrofracture teramati. Tiga model dibuat untuk memahami bagaimana rekahan terinisiasi, terhubung, terambatkan dan terhenti. Modulus Young’s batulempung (Esh) diatur dengan nilai 1 GPa, 5GPa, dan 10 GPa. Tekanan kelebihan cairan (fluid excess pressure) yang diterapkan sebesar 5 MPa, 10 MPa, dan 15 MPa. Modulus Young’s batugamping (Elst) konstan sebesar 10 GPa. Model pertama menunjukkan bagaimana pembebanan mempengaruhi inisiasi rekahan. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa tekanan tarik terkonsentrasi hanya pada lapisan batugamping dan memungkinkan terbentuknya rekahan. Model kedua mengenai hubungan rekahan. Model menunjukkan bahwa tekanan geser terkonsentrasi pada lapisan batugamping secara dominan. Hydrofracture yang telah ada akan terhubung membentuk rekahan geser and rekahan en-echelon. Model ketiga dihitung untuk memahami perambatan dan defleksi rekahan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tekanan tarik terkonsentrasi pada ujung hydrofracture dekat kontak lapisan batugamping dan batulempung. Hydrofracture terdefleksi dan pada beberapa titik mulai merambat menembus batulempung.

Physical Properties of LLDPE and PP Filled With Wood Flours

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Sultan Bas ◽  
Erol Sancaktar ◽  
Erdal Karadurmus
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Flour Blends

In this study, composites of polypropylene (PP), as well as linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) thermoplastics filled with wood flour have been investigated to study the effect of size and amount of wood flour on their mechanical, thermal and aging properties. PP and LLDPE were mixed with five different types of wood flour, i.e., cedar, maple, oak, poplar, and select pine, by adding different percentages of wood flour at 30, 40 and 50 weight percentages. Mixing was done using a mini compounder at 180–210°C and dog-bone shape samples were produced by using a mini-injection molding machine. Two different sizes of wood flour labeled as thin (425–500 μm) and thick (600–710 μm) were compared for PP-wood and LLDPE-wood composites. Mechanical properties of blends were investigated by tensile testing and thermal behaviors of blends were characterized by using DSC analyses. Poplar and maple show better tensile results among other wood types with 543.7 MPa and 600.5 MPa Young’s modulus and 21.05 MPa and 24.53 MPa tensile strength for LLDPE when comparing thick and thin wood flour blends, respectively. In the case of PP; poplar and select pine gave higher Young’s modulus and tensile strength results. Samples were also aged in acid and water solution for 3 days, and their weight and dimensional changes were recorded and compared with neat polymer samples to show physical stability.

TENSILE CREEP OF FLY ASH CONCRETE AT EARLY AGE CONSIDERING THE YOUNG'S MODULUS DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Mimura ◽  
Vanissorn Vimonsatit ◽  
Yuki Watanabe ◽  
Itaru Horiguchi ◽  
Isamu Yoshitake
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Creep Test ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
Dog Bone

Tensile properties are important for predicting tensile stress which causes thermal cracking. Fly ash, a by-product from coal-fired power plants, has been recently used to reduce such thermal cracks. However, investigations dealing with tensile properties of fly ash concrete are still limited. This study focuses on the tensile properties of concrete mixed with fly ash at an early age. Fly ash was mixed in general purpose concrete with a cement-replacement ratio of 20% by mass to simulate fly ash concrete used in Japan. To examine tensile Young's modulus and tensile creep, direct tension test was conducted using dog-bone shaped specimens. The tensile creep tests were conducted at the age of 3 days or 7 days, and the loading (30% of splitting tensile strength at the loading age) was sustained for 14 days. Past investigations usually assumed a constant elastic strain during creep test. It should be noted however that elastic strain at early age decreases with the age of concrete as hydration continues. This study takes a consideration of Young's modulus development during creep test to distinguish actual creep and elastic strains. Test results show that creep strain has been underestimated when assuming constant elastic strain.

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