Quantitative effective atomic number imaging using simultaneous x-ray absorption and phase shift measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 111902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taihei Mukaide ◽  
Masatoshi Watanabe ◽  
Kazuhiro Takada ◽  
Atsuo Iida ◽  
Kazunori Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Shift Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

scholarly journals X-ray Absorption (XRA): A New Technique for the Characterization of Granular Activated Carbons

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Jeamichel Puente Torres ◽  
Harold Crespo Sariol ◽  
Thayset Mariño Peacok ◽  
Jan Yperman ◽  
Peter Adriaensens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
X Ray Absorption

The X-ray absorption (XRA) method using digital image processing techniques is a reliable technique to determine the exhaustion degree of granular activated carbons (GACs). Using an innovative digital image processing technique, the identification of individual adsorbed molecules or ions in a GAC was possible. Adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were used to simulate the adsorption equilibrium data of Methylene Blue (MB), nickel, cobalt and iodine. Freundlich equation was found to have the highest value of R2 compared with Langmuir. The identification of distinctive patterns applying XRA for different adsorbed ions and molecules onto GAC was explored. It is demonstrated that unique XRA configurations for each adsorbed ion or molecule are found, as well as a proportional relationship between its incident energy (needed to achieve maximum photon attenuation) and the (effective) atomic number, the adsorbate mass and the molar or atomic mass of adsorbed molecule or ion. XRA method in combination with image histogram modifications was used to obtain a digital signature of adsorbed ions/molecules, giving distinct GSI values for each one in the used energy range. Probabilistic models prove that XRA results are within relationships between effective atomic number and photonic interaction probability, reinforcing the potentialities of XRA for monitoring (multi-)ion and/or molecule combinations on GAC using advanced digital image processing techniques. It was proved that the proposed approach could assess different adsorbed ions/molecules onto GACs in water purification systems.

A Spectrum-Adaptive Decomposition Method for Effective Atomic Number Estimation Using Dual Energy CT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (14) ◽  
pp. 293-1-293-7
Author(s):  
Ankit Manerikar ◽  
Fangda Li ◽  
Avinash C. Kak
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
X Ray

Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) is expected to become a significant tool for voxel-based detection of hazardous materials in airport baggage screening. The traditional approach to DECT imaging involves collecting the projection data using two different X-ray spectra and then decomposing the data thus collected into line integrals of two independent characterizations of the material properties. Typically, one of these characterizations involves the effective atomic number (Zeff) of the materials. However, with the X-ray spectral energies typically used for DECT imaging, the current best-practice approaches for dualenergy decomposition yield Zeff values whose accuracy range is limited to only a subset of the periodic-table elements, more specifically to (Z < 30). Although this estimation can be improved by using a system-independent ρe — Ze (SIRZ) space, the SIRZ transformation does not efficiently model the polychromatic nature of the X-ray spectra typically used in physical CT scanners. In this paper, we present a new decomposition method, AdaSIRZ, that corrects this shortcoming by adapting the SIRZ decomposition to the entire spectrum of an X-ray source. The method reformulates the X-ray attenuation equations as direct functions of (ρe, Ze) and solves for the coefficients using bounded nonlinear least-squares optimization. Performance comparison of AdaSIRZ with other Zeff estimation methods on different sets of real DECT images shows that AdaSIRZ provides a higher output accuracy for Zeff image reconstructions for a wider range of object materials.

scholarly journals The dependence of spectral parameters in the cross-sectional equation of coherent and incoherent radiation on energy using a mathematical method

2021 ◽  
pp. 1537-1549
Author(s):  
Raed Sabeeh Karyakos ◽  
Ilham M. Yacoob ◽  
Muna Y. Slewa ◽  
Amal M. Banoosh
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Incoherent Radiation ◽  
Absorption Experiment ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence ◽  
The Cross ◽  
X Ray Absorption

The dependence of the cross-section of the coherent and incoherent radiation peaks in the X-ray absorption experiment of different energies (20-800 Kev) was investigated. Cross-sectional dependence on the atomic number Z was included from the published data for (8) elements, ranging from carbon to silver (C-Ag). The proportional constant K was obtained between (σc/σi), with the atomic number Z from (6-47). The results show that the value of K exponentially changes with energy.

Electron Density and Effective Atomic Number Measurement by Using a Newly Developing Photon Counting CT System

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Sakurai ◽  
Kazushi Hoshi ◽  
Yosuke Harasawa ◽  
Daiki Ono ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ct System

We developed the photon counting CT system by using a conventional laboratory X-ray source and a CdTe line sensor. Attenuation coefficients were obtained from the measured CT image data. Our suggested method for deriving the electron density and effective atomic number from the measured attenuation coefficients was tested experimentally. The accuracy of the electron densities and effective atomic numbers are about <5 % (the averages of absolute values are 2.6 % and 3.1 %, respectively) for material of 6< Z and Zeff <13. Our suggested simple method, in which we do not need the exact source X-ray spectrum and detector response function, achieves comparable accuracy to the previous reports.

X-ray energies for effective atomic number determination

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rutherford ◽  
B. R. Pullan ◽  
I. Isherwood
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
X Ray
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document