How does the standard model stand up to the real world?

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Llewellyn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Standard Model

scholarly journals Dreaming, Phenomenal Character, and Acquaintance

Acquaintance ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 145-168
Author(s):  
Tom Stoneham
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Phenomenal Character ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Standard Model

Dreams are often defined as sleeping experiences with phenomenal character similar to perceptions of the real world. Hence they pose a prima facie challenge to accounts of phenomenal character in terms of acquaintance relations. One response is disjunctivist: to give a different account of their phenomenal character from that of successful perceivings. I argue that, given the alleged frequency of dreaming on the standard model, this disjunctivist approach weakens the explanatory value of the acquaintance account of the phenomenal character of successful perceivings. Another response is to follow Malcolm and Dennett in denying that dreaming has phenomenal character at all. I present a cultural-social model of dreams and argue that we lack theory-neutral evidence of the phenomenal character of dreams and thus it is legitimate to choose between theories of dreaming on the basis of their fit with our best theory of the phenomenal character of successful perceivings, namely acquaintance.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Stuart Russell
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Philosophy And Economics

AbstractA long tradition in philosophy and economics equates intelligence with the ability to act rationally—that is, to choose actions that can be expected to achieve one’s objectives. This framework is so pervasive within AI that it would be reasonable to call it the standard model. A great deal of progress on reasoning, planning, and decision-making, as well as perception and learning, has occurred within the standard model. Unfortunately, the standard model is unworkable as a foundation for further progress because it is seldom possible to specify objectives completely and correctly in the real world. The chapter proposes a new model for AI development in which the machine’s uncertainty about the true objective leads to qualitatively new modes of behavior that are more robust, controllable, and deferential to humans.

scholarly journals Participatory Budgeting with Project Interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Jain ◽  
Krzysztof Sornat ◽  
Nimrod Talmon
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Aggregation Methods ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Complementarity Effects

Participatory budgeting systems allow city residents to jointly decide on projects they wish to fund using public money, by letting residents vote on such projects. While participatory budgeting is gaining popularity, existing aggregation methods do not take into account the natural possibility of project interactions, such as substitution and complementarity effects. Here we take a step towards fixing this issue: First, we augment the standard model of participatory budgeting by introducing a partition over the projects and model the type and extent of project interactions within each part using certain functions. We study the computational complexity of finding bundles that maximize voter utility, as defined with respect to such functions. Motivated by the desire to incorporate project interactions in real-world participatory budgeting systems, we identify certain cases that admit efficient aggregation in the presence of such project interactions.

Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Stuart Russell
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Alan Turing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Formal Class

Following the analysis given by Alan Turing in 1951, one must expect that AI capabilities will eventually exceed those of humans across a wide range of real-world-decision making scenarios. Should this be a cause for concern, as Turing, Hawking, and others have suggested? And, if so, what can we do about it? While some in the mainstream AI community dismiss the issue, I will argue that the problem is real: we have to work out how to design AI systems that are far more powerful than ourselves while ensuring that they never have power over us. I believe the technical aspects of this problem are solvable. Whereas the standard model of AI proposes to build machines that optimize known, exogenously specified objectives, a preferable approach would be to build machines that are of provable benefit to humans. I introduce assistance games as a formal class of problems whose solution, under certain assumptions, has the desired property.

scholarly journals Real Part of Twisted-by-Grading Spectral Triples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuele Filaci ◽  
◽  
Pierre Martinetti ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Spectral Triple ◽  
Spectral Triples ◽  
The Real ◽  
Initial Algebra ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Twisted Spectral Triples

After a brief review on the applications of twisted spectral triples to physics, we adapt to the twisted case the notion of real part of a spectral triple. In particular, when one twists a usual spectral triple by its grading, we show that - depending on the KO dimension - the real part is either twisted as well, or is the intersection of the initial algebra with its opposite. We illustrate this result with the spectral triple of the standard model.

scholarly journals SUSY Perceptions Reveal Standard Model Contradictions: Gravity Absence, Hierarchy Problem, Antimatter Puzzle, Muon g-2 Results, Anti-Down Quark Domination

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Housam H Safadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hierarchy Problem ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Down Quark ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

The road map in this research proves that the universe emerged from SUSY. Proving that, we link between two different classes of SM, fermions, and bosons in supersymmetry with their properties in the Standard Model of particle physics. According to SM properties, the bosons have spin one, while fermions have spin 1/2. We suggest differentiating between bosons and fermions angular momentum in our real world with a supersymmetrical state. We presume that bosons and fermions in their supersymmetric environment will have akin graviton spin angular momentum 2, while their superpartners will have spin one. In addition to that, in the supersymmetric environment, the fermion, boson, and their counterparts experience CPT conservation. They enjoy eternity with "Gravitons." Once upon a time, the boson and fermion descended from a supersymmetric state down through string theories' dimensions and M-theory's branes, stabilizing and forming SM quarks and, therefore, everything in our real world

A note on Jordan algebras, three generations and exceptional periodicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050071
Author(s):  
Carlos Castro Perelman
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Clifford Algebra ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Jordan Algebras ◽  
The Real ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Gauge Symmetries ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
One To One

It is shown that the algebra [Formula: see text] based on the complexified Exceptional Jordan, and the complex Clifford algebra in 4D, is rich enough to describe all the spinorial degrees of freedom of three generations of fermions in 4D, and include additional fermionic dark matter candidates. Furthermore, the model described in this paper can account also for the Standard Model gauge symmetries. We extend these results to the Magic Star algebras of Exceptional Periodicity developed by Marrani–Rios–Truini and based on the Vinberg cubic [Formula: see text] algebras which are generalizations of exceptional Jordan algebras. It is found that there is a one-to-one correspondence among the real spinorial degrees of freedom of four generations of fermions in 4D with the off-diagonal entries of the spinorial elements of the [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] of Vinberg matrices at level [Formula: see text]. These results can be generalized to higher levels [Formula: see text] leading to a higher number of generations beyond 4. Three [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] algebras and their conjugates [Formula: see text] were essential in the Magic Star construction of Exceptional Periodicity that extends the [Formula: see text] algebra to [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] integer.

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