Laser focus accelerator by relativistic self-focusing and high electric fields in double layers of nonlinear force produced cavitons

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Clark ◽  
S. Eliezer ◽  
F. J. M. Farley ◽  
M. P. Goldsworthy ◽  
F. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Self Focusing ◽  
Laser Focus ◽  
Nonlinear Force ◽  
High Electric Fields

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic derivation of double layers (DL) and electric fields in plasmas

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Hora
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Laser Fusion ◽  
General Description ◽  
Laser Plasma Interaction ◽  
Nonlinear Force ◽  
New Type ◽  
High Electric Fields ◽  
First Time ◽  
Resonance Process

The hitherto successful hydrodynamic plasma theory needed the simplifying assumption of quasi-neutrality. Earlier known ambipolar fields in plasma surfaces were considered as exceptions and Alfvén's model of a complementary description by plasma currents was criticized. Fields in plasmas were derived from the kinetic theory of turbulence. Following a model for the nonlinear force of laser–plasma interaction, we needed a general description of the plasma without space charge neutrality which succeeded numerically and analytically. High electric fields due to inhomogeneities inside plasmas were derived explaining for the first time quantitatively the reduction of thermal conduction in laser-fusion, the measured inverted double layers including a new type of resonance process, the MeV α-upshift by nonlinear-force driven caviton fields and the radial fields in tokamaks which cause plasma rotation.

Atomic Spectroscopy in the FIM

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 758-761
Author(s):  
J. J. Hren ◽  
S. D. Walck
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Atomic Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Statistical Sampling ◽  
Commercial Instrument ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
High Electric Fields ◽  
Field Ion Microscope

The field ion microscope (FIM) has had the ability to routinely image the surface atoms of metals since Mueller perfected it in 1956. Since 1967, the TOF Atom Probe has had single atom sensitivity in conjunction with the FIM. “Why then hasn't the FIM enjoyed the success of the electron microscope?” The answer is closely related to the evolution of FIM/Atom Probe techniques and the available technology. This paper will review this evolution from Mueller's early discoveries, to the development of a viable commercial instrument. It will touch upon some important contributions of individuals and groups, but will not attempt to be all inclusive. Variations in instrumentation that define the class of problems for which the FIM/AP is uniquely suited and those for which it is not will be described. The influence of high electric fields inherent to the technique on the specimens studied will also be discussed. The specimen geometry as it relates to preparation, statistical sampling and compatibility with the TEM will be examined.

scholarly journals Double layers in the downward current region of the aurora

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Ergun ◽  
L. Andersson ◽  
C. W. Carlson ◽  
D. L. Newman ◽  
M. V. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Parallel Electric Field ◽  
Electrostatic Waves ◽  
Current Region ◽  
Decisive Evidence

Abstract. Direct observations of magnetic-field-aligned (parallel) electric fields in the downward current region of the aurora provide decisive evidence of naturally occurring double layers. We report measurements of parallel electric fields, electron fluxes and ion fluxes related to double layers that are responsible for particle acceleration. The observations suggest that parallel electric fields organize into a structure of three distinct, narrowly-confined regions along the magnetic field (B). In the "ramp" region, the measured parallel electric field forms a nearly-monotonic potential ramp that is localized to ~ 10 Debye lengths along B. The ramp is moving parallel to B at the ion acoustic speed (vs) and in the same direction as the accelerated electrons. On the high-potential side of the ramp, in the "beam" region, an unstable electron beam is seen for roughly another 10 Debye lengths along B. The electron beam is rapidly stabilized by intense electrostatic waves and nonlinear structures interpreted as electron phase-space holes. The "wave" region is physically separated from the ramp by the beam region. Numerical simulations reproduce a similar ramp structure, beam region, electrostatic turbulence region and plasma characteristics as seen in the observations. These results suggest that large double layers can account for the parallel electric field in the downward current region and that intense electrostatic turbulence rapidly stabilizes the accelerated electron distributions. These results also demonstrate that parallel electric fields are directly associated with the generation of large-amplitude electron phase-space holes and plasma waves.

High Field Electron Drift in a-Si:H

1993 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Gu ◽  
Eric A. Schiff ◽  
Jean Baptiste Chevrier ◽  
Bernard Equer
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Field ◽  
Drift Mobility ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Electron Drift ◽  
Parameter Change ◽  
Transient Photocurrent ◽  
Field Mobility ◽  
High Electric Fields ◽  
Electron Drift Mobility

We have measured the electron drift mobility in a-Si:H at high electric fields (E ≤ 3.6 x 105 V%cm). The a-Si:Hpin structure was prepared at Palaiseau, and incorporated a thickp+ layer to retard high field breakdown. The drift mobility was obtained from transient photocurrent measurements from 1 ns - 1 ms following a laser pulse. Mobility increases as large as a factor of 30 were observed; at 77 K the high field mobility de¬pended exponentially upon field (exp(E/Eu), where E u= 1.1 x 105 V%cm). The same field dependence was observed in the time range 10 ns – 1 μs, indicating that the dispersion parameter change with field was negligible. This latter result appears to exclude hopping in the exponential conduction bandtail as the fundamental transport mechanism in a-Si:H above 77 K; alternate models are briefly discussed.

Oscillations and Bistability in the Catalytic Formation of Water on Rhodium in High Electric Fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (39) ◽  
pp. 17045-17058 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-S. McEwen ◽  
P. Gaspard ◽  
T. Visart de Bocarmé ◽  
N. Kruse
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Electric Fields

Impact of high electric fields on the charge recombination process in organic light-emitting diodes

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (19) ◽  
pp. 2379-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kalinowski ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
Piergiulio Di Marco ◽  
Waldemar Stampor ◽  
Gabriele Giro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Charge Recombination ◽  
Recombination Process ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
High Electric Fields
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