scholarly journals Mechanisms of x-ray emission from peeling adhesive tape

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (13) ◽  
pp. 131502 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Constable ◽  
J. Horvat ◽  
R. A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray

Generation of hard X-ray radiation using the triboelectric effect by peeling adhesive tape

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Stöcker ◽  
Maximilian Rühl ◽  
Anett Heinrich ◽  
Erik Mehner ◽  
Dirk C. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Triboelectric Effect

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE USE FEATURES OF THE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS FOR THE HEAVY METALS DETERMINATION IN SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
P. Kozub ◽  
S. Vambol ◽  
S. Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Concentration Dependences ◽  
Xrd Method

Under conditions of intense anthropogenic impact on ecosystems, due to the ingress of heavy metals into the environment, the ecosystems' protective properties have significantly decreased. Now the search for accurate, simple and affordable methods for heavy metals determining in soil is an urgent task, since reducing the time to accurately determine the content of these toxic elements will facilitate the rapid application of effective methods to improve the soils' condition. The work purpose is to study the features of the heavy metals determination in soil by the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method and to develop recommendations for conducting an accurate soil analysis for the heavy metals content. As test pollutants, salts of transition and post-transition metals were used: FeSO4·7H2O, Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O, CuSO4·5H2O, ZnSO4, SrCl2, PbCl2, CoCl2. To determine the elements' concentrations, a Sprut-K energy dispersive spectrometer (Ukrrentgen JSC, Kharkov) with an X-123 SDD detector from Amptek (USA) was used. It was found that the lower concentration of most heavy metals, which must be determined, reaches 0.01 mg/L. During the XRD method' sensitivity study, the results as pulses' number for each of the studied metals were obtained. It was found that even at a higher concentration, the pulses number is much smaller in the presence of adhesive tape on top, which indicates that it is not completely transparent, and it is desirable to produce samples for analysis open to the sensor. In addition, it was found that the heavy metals' pulses number during heat treatment of the soil decreases. The concentration dependences' study showed that the dependence of the concentration of the metal is not linear, but can be very well described by the quadratic binomial for all the studied metals. The study originality lies in the development of recommendations for the samples preparation for the heavy metals determination in soil. The practical value lies in the development of recommendations for the determination of heavy metals in soil by the XRD method, which can be successfully applied in real conditions.

scholarly journals Determination of scatter radiation to the breast during lumbosacral x-ray examination using thermoluminescence dosimeter

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
Chinenye Evangeline Eyisi-Enuka ◽  
Christian Chukwuemeka Nzotta ◽  
Ebbi Donald Robinson ◽  
Akintayo Daniel Omojola ◽  
Thomas Adejoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Lumbosacral Spine ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Scatter Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeter ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Exposure to ionizing radiation during radiographic examination is associated with some biological effects. The study was aimed to determine the amount of scatter radiation to the breast during lumbosacral x-ray examination. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out among 60 women referred for Lumbosacral spine radiography from September 2019 to December 2019. Ethical approval was granted by the hospital ethical committee. A single-phase mobile X-ray unit was used to dispense the radiation while a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chip was used to measure the radiation dose. The TLD chip was attached to the peri-areolar region of the left breast and held in place by a transparent adhesive tape. The TLD was carefully enclosed in a black polythene sachet before and after the investigation to shield it from background radiation. After the investigation the TLD,s were sent to the Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT) for reading and annealing.  Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 55.32±12.35years and 29.70±7.09kg/m2 respectively. The cumulative mean (±SD) ESD to the breast was 3.87±0.87mGy. The highest scatter radiation dose was observed in the age group 60-69 years. Pearson’s correlation showed a week correlation between age and ESD. Conclusion: The study showed that there were scatter radiations to the breast during lumbosacral X-Ray investigations which was was lowest among the age group 50-59years. No significant difference was seen between AP and lateral positions. The cancer risk was 1 in 6,000 indicating that there might be needed to shield the breast while performing lumbosacral X-ray.

Study and optimization of a X-ray source powered by the phenomenon of triboluminescence in peeling adhesive tape.

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Manuel Giles Antunez De Mayolo ◽  
Caio RogÉrio Silva Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Corrosion Inhibition of Magnesium by Anodizing in Safe and Unsafe Alkaline Electrolytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11479-11484
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Anodic Film ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Anodic Films ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
X Ray

Magnesium has high strength to weight ratio , good machinability , high creep stress and high impact resistance . Such properties make the magnesium an excellent choice in many applications . Disadvantages of magnesium represented in low corrosion resistance in most environments and ignites easily in air . Surface modification techniques which are used to improve surface properities of Magnesium are conversion surface treatments like chromating , phosphating , galvanizing electroplating such as Cu , Zn , Ni , Cr , electroless metal plating and cladding by Aluminum foil . Anodizing in an electrolyte (with pH>12) is considered a passivation process that produces chemical stable protective oxide film on magnesium surface . Usually unsafe electrolytes such as KOH are frequently used . Anodizing of commercial magnesium (ASTM 9980A) was carried out in 3M KOH(unsafe) , 1M Na2SiO3 and 0.6M K2SiO3 (safe) electrolytes for time periods ranging from 10 to 50 minutes at constant voltage of 5V .The anode was magnesium specimen where the cathode was stainless steel type AISI 304 . Energy Dispersive X-Ray(EDX) and X Ray Diffraction (XRD) approved that magnesium Oxide (MgO) is the anodic film when using 3M potassium hydroxide electrolyte and a magnesium Silicate with a glassy morphology formed in the anodic film using safe electrolytes of 0.6M potassium silicate and 1M sodium silicate . Maximum film thickness reaches to 46 , 27,47 µm after anodizing at 30 min using 3M potassium hydroxide ,1M Sodium silicate , 0.6M Potassium Silicate respectively . It was found that the corrosion rate of commercially pure magnesium decreased from 37 to 7 , 2.2 , 1.3 mpy when using 3M potassium hydroxide , 1M sodium silicate , 0.6M potassium silicate respectively . At the same time the contact angle increases from 70 degrees to 114o , 105o , 113o degrees using the same electrolytes . An increase in microhardness of the anodic films was observed in 3M potassium hydroxide , 1M sodium silicate and 1M potassium silicate respectively . The adhesion of the anodic film measures according to ASTM D3359 method 13 for thickness <125 µm was classified in 3B which denote that the amount of the layer released by the adhesive tape lies from 5-15% of the formed layers using the three electrolytes.

Analysis of highly resolved x-ray photoelectron Cr 2p spectra obtained with a Cr2 O3 powder sample prepared with adhesive tape

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ünveren ◽  
E. Kemnitz ◽  
S. Hutton ◽  
A. Lippitz ◽  
W. E. S. Unger
Keyword(s):  
Powder Sample ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray

Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Calcium Sulfates and Quartz in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Filter Cakes

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Kjell R. Waerstad
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synthetic Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Filter Cakes

AbstractA quantitative X-ray diffraction method has been developed for rapid determination of the crystalline phases present in by-product filter cakes from wet-process phosphoric acid manufacture. A new technique to reduce preferred orientation of the crystallites by removing the top layer of the X-ray samples with adhesive tape is described, statistical analysis of synthetic sample mixtures of CaS04.2H2O, CaSO4 · 0.5H20, CaSo4, and α-Si02 indicates that the calcium sulfate phases present in typical filter cakes can be determined with an accuracy of about 3% at the 95% confidence level; quartz can be determined at about 14%. The method has been applied to the analysis of 10 filter-cake samples from an experimental hemihydrate plant. The results are in good agreement with data from X-ray fluorescence and chemical analyses

Space and Time Distribution of Hard X-Ray Emission in a Loop at the Beginning of a Flare

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 275-277
Author(s):  
M. Karlický ◽  
J. C. Hénoux
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Electron Bombardment ◽  
Spatial Evolution ◽  
Superthermal Electrons ◽  
Flare Loop ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Superthermal Electron ◽  
Flare Loops ◽  
Chromospheric Evaporation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractUsing a new ID hybrid model of the electron bombardment in flare loops, we study not only the evolution of densities, plasma velocities and temperatures in the loop, but also the temporal and spatial evolution of hard X-ray emission. In the present paper a continuous bombardment by electrons isotropically accelerated at the top of flare loop with a power-law injection distribution function is considered. The computations include the effects of the return-current that reduces significantly the depth of the chromospheric layer which is evaporated. The present modelling is made with superthermal electron parameters corresponding to the classical resistivity regime for an input energy flux of superthermal electrons of 109erg cm−2s−1. It was found that due to the electron bombardment the two chromospheric evaporation waves are generated at both feet of the loop and they propagate up to the top, where they collide and cause temporary density and hard X-ray enhancements.

Some Problems in Understanding the Solar Corona

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. H. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Solar Atmosphere ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Total System ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proper Perspective ◽  
Space Observations

The development of the physics of the solar atmosphere during the last 50 years has been greatly influenced by the increasing capability of observations made from space. Access to images and spectra of the hotter plasma in the UV, XUV and X-ray regions provided a major advance over the few coronal forbidden lines seen in the visible and enabled the cooler chromospheric and photospheric plasma to be seen in its proper perspective, as part of a total system. In this way space observations have stimulated new and important advances, not only in space but also in ground-based observations and theoretical modelling, so that today we find a well-balanced harmony between the three techniques.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document