Analysis of highly resolved x-ray photoelectron Cr 2p spectra obtained with a Cr2 O3 powder sample prepared with adhesive tape

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ünveren ◽  
E. Kemnitz ◽  
S. Hutton ◽  
A. Lippitz ◽  
W. E. S. Unger
Keyword(s):  
Powder Sample ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Mechanisms of x-ray emission from peeling adhesive tape

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (13) ◽  
pp. 131502 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Constable ◽  
J. Horvat ◽  
R. A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals X-ray Single-Crystal Structural Analysis of a Magnetically Oriented Monoclinic Microcrystal Suspension of α-Glycine

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Tanaka ◽  
Chiaki Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuaki Aburaya ◽  
Fumiko Kimura ◽  
Masataka Maeyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Powder Sample ◽  
Single Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystal Structural ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

We previously reported on a method for X-ray single-crystal structure determination from a powder sample via a magnetically oriented microcrystal suspension (MOMS). The method was successfully applied to orthorhombic microcrystals (L-alanine, P212121). In this study, we apply this method to monoclinic microcrystals. Unlike most of the orthorhombic MOMSs, monoclinic MOMSs exhibit two or four orientations with the same magnetic energy (we refer to this as twin orientations), making data processing difficult. In this paper, we perform a MOMS experiment for a powder sample of monoclinic microcrystal (α-glycine, P21/n) to show that our method can also be applied to monoclinic crystals. The single-crystal structure determined in this work is in good agreement with the reported one performed on a real single crystal. Furthermore, the relationship between the crystallographic and magnetic susceptibility axes is determined.

Generation of hard X-ray radiation using the triboelectric effect by peeling adhesive tape

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Stöcker ◽  
Maximilian Rühl ◽  
Anett Heinrich ◽  
Erik Mehner ◽  
Dirk C. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Triboelectric Effect

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE USE FEATURES OF THE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS FOR THE HEAVY METALS DETERMINATION IN SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
P. Kozub ◽  
S. Vambol ◽  
S. Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Concentration Dependences ◽  
Xrd Method

Under conditions of intense anthropogenic impact on ecosystems, due to the ingress of heavy metals into the environment, the ecosystems' protective properties have significantly decreased. Now the search for accurate, simple and affordable methods for heavy metals determining in soil is an urgent task, since reducing the time to accurately determine the content of these toxic elements will facilitate the rapid application of effective methods to improve the soils' condition. The work purpose is to study the features of the heavy metals determination in soil by the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method and to develop recommendations for conducting an accurate soil analysis for the heavy metals content. As test pollutants, salts of transition and post-transition metals were used: FeSO4·7H2O, Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O, CuSO4·5H2O, ZnSO4, SrCl2, PbCl2, CoCl2. To determine the elements' concentrations, a Sprut-K energy dispersive spectrometer (Ukrrentgen JSC, Kharkov) with an X-123 SDD detector from Amptek (USA) was used. It was found that the lower concentration of most heavy metals, which must be determined, reaches 0.01 mg/L. During the XRD method' sensitivity study, the results as pulses' number for each of the studied metals were obtained. It was found that even at a higher concentration, the pulses number is much smaller in the presence of adhesive tape on top, which indicates that it is not completely transparent, and it is desirable to produce samples for analysis open to the sensor. In addition, it was found that the heavy metals' pulses number during heat treatment of the soil decreases. The concentration dependences' study showed that the dependence of the concentration of the metal is not linear, but can be very well described by the quadratic binomial for all the studied metals. The study originality lies in the development of recommendations for the samples preparation for the heavy metals determination in soil. The practical value lies in the development of recommendations for the determination of heavy metals in soil by the XRD method, which can be successfully applied in real conditions.

scholarly journals Determination of scatter radiation to the breast during lumbosacral x-ray examination using thermoluminescence dosimeter

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
Chinenye Evangeline Eyisi-Enuka ◽  
Christian Chukwuemeka Nzotta ◽  
Ebbi Donald Robinson ◽  
Akintayo Daniel Omojola ◽  
Thomas Adejoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Lumbosacral Spine ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Scatter Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeter ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Exposure to ionizing radiation during radiographic examination is associated with some biological effects. The study was aimed to determine the amount of scatter radiation to the breast during lumbosacral x-ray examination. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out among 60 women referred for Lumbosacral spine radiography from September 2019 to December 2019. Ethical approval was granted by the hospital ethical committee. A single-phase mobile X-ray unit was used to dispense the radiation while a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chip was used to measure the radiation dose. The TLD chip was attached to the peri-areolar region of the left breast and held in place by a transparent adhesive tape. The TLD was carefully enclosed in a black polythene sachet before and after the investigation to shield it from background radiation. After the investigation the TLD,s were sent to the Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT) for reading and annealing.  Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 55.32±12.35years and 29.70±7.09kg/m2 respectively. The cumulative mean (±SD) ESD to the breast was 3.87±0.87mGy. The highest scatter radiation dose was observed in the age group 60-69 years. Pearson’s correlation showed a week correlation between age and ESD. Conclusion: The study showed that there were scatter radiations to the breast during lumbosacral X-Ray investigations which was was lowest among the age group 50-59years. No significant difference was seen between AP and lateral positions. The cancer risk was 1 in 6,000 indicating that there might be needed to shield the breast while performing lumbosacral X-ray.

The Determination of Al and WC in a Heterogeneous Ni Alloy Powder by X-ray Fluorescence

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Brachfeld
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Powder Sample ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Alloy

A method, employing x-ray fluorescence, is described for the determination of Al and WC in a heterogeneous Ni alloy powder. It is shown that using a Pitchford electric arc button furnace (model 701 BF) to melt the powder sample resulted in a homogeneous solid button only after a 60% addition of Ni was made to the original sample. Comparative data are presented for the determination of Al and WC by atomic absorption.

scholarly journals Determination of the crystallite size and crystal structure of magnesium powder by x-ray diffraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
ISMAIL ISMAIL ◽  
RESI MULIANI ◽  
ZULFALINA ZULFALINA ◽  
SITI HAJAR SHEIKH MD FADZULLAH
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Powder Sample ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Magnesium Powder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Packed Structure

Magnesium powder has become an important material in the development of science and technology such as alloy and hydrogen storage. In this work, the chemical composition, crystallite size, and crystal structure of the magnesium powder sample have been studied by using x-ray fluorescent and x-ray diffraction. The x-ray diffraction data of the magnesium powder sample was analyzed by using the Rietveld method to obtain the crystal structure. Our results show that the purity of our magnesium powder sample is 93.1%. Our sample has good crystallinity with the average crystallite size of 31 nm. The crystal structure is found to be a hexagonal closed-packed structure with the lattice constants of 3.2100 Å (a and b-axis) and 5.2107 Å (c-axis). Our result revealed that the lattice constant in the c-axis of magnesium powder is influenced by impurity. This finding suggests that the impurity can affect the crystal structure of a material in general.

scholarly journals Use of X-Ray Microanalyzer for Determining Compound Composition of Small Amounts of Powder Sample

1971 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1784-1791
Author(s):  
Minoru SASAKI ◽  
Ken-ichi SUZUKI ◽  
Yoshio UZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Powder Sample ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals A Physical Chemistry Study of Black Powder Materials by Solution Combustion Synthesis Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Fitria Hidayanti ◽  
Kiki R. Lestari ◽  
Nano Sujani ◽  
Jarot Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Lanthanum Oxide ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Solution Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Powder Sample ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Solution Combustion ◽  
Black Powder ◽  
X Ray

A study on the synthesis of black powder (La2NiO4) material using the solution combustion synthesis method at a variation of synthesis temperature of 60, 70, and 80°C was carried out. It produces a mass of black powder of 2 grams by four times of synthesis process. Then, material characterization was performed on the black powder samples obtained by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the phases formed, Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to determine the morphology and analyze the composition elemental on the microscale and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) to determine chemical bonds. From the whole black powder sample, XRD analysis showed the phases of Dilantanum Nickel Tetraoxide (La2NiO4), Nickel Oxide (NiO), Lanthanum Oxide (La2O3), and Lanthanum Oxide Ht x-form (La2O3 Ht (x-form)). In addition, it was seen from the visible compositions of the phases that the NiO phase looks more dominant and the variation of the synthesis temperature shows that the La2O3 phase was increasing. This was supported by the EDS analysis, which showed that the EDS spectrum contains elements La, Ni, and O where the element O indicates that oxidation occurs in the elements Ni and La. On the other hand, the SEM analysis results confirm that the black powder sample contains the elements La and Ni, based on the high and low electron images contained in the morphology of the black powder sample. In addition, it was also known that the particles in the black powder sample were micron size and had porous morphology. This occurs due to rapid thermal decomposition events and excessive gas development. In addition, FTIR analysis showed that the O-H bond had been reduced and there are still C-O and C-H bonds indicating the presence of organic elements possessed by glycine.

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