Three-dimensional orientation determination of the emission dipoles of single molecules: The shot-noise limit

2008 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 094703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Hohlbein ◽  
Christian G. Hübner
Keyword(s):  
Shot Noise ◽  
Single Molecules ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Noise Limit ◽  
Orientation Determination ◽  
Shot Noise Limit

Evaluation of the Time-Resolved Spark for the Determination of Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium in Microsamples

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. McDonald ◽  
J. C. Williams ◽  
James C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Shot Noise ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Noise Limit ◽  
Shot Noise Limit

This paper describes the evaluation of a time-resolved graphite spark source emission spectrometer built for the purpose of determining Ca, Na, and K in nanoliter volume samples of renal fluid. Subnanogram detection limits calculated from the working curve slope and the uncertainty of the sample signal are reported for Ca, Na and K; these detection limits are some three orders of magnitude higher than the shot noise limit. With the use of Li as an internal standard, working curves from 0 to 1 ng of Na, K, and Ca are shown. System performance data are given, and the utility of the analysis is discussed.

scholarly journals Surpassing the shot-noise limit by homodyne-mediated feedback

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (17) ◽  
pp. 3932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofeng Zhang ◽  
Hanjie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Shot Noise ◽  
Noise Limit ◽  
Shot Noise Limit

scholarly journals Overcoming detection loss and noise in squeezing-based optical sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Frascella ◽  
Sascha Agne ◽  
Farid Ya. Khalili ◽  
Maria V. Chekhova
Keyword(s):  
Shot Noise ◽  
Optical Sensing ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Squeezed States ◽  
Squeezed Light ◽  
Noise Limit ◽  
Imaging And Spectroscopy ◽  
Shot Noise Limit

AbstractAmong the known resources of quantum metrology, one of the most practical and efficient is squeezing. Squeezed states of atoms and light improve the sensing of the phase, magnetic field, polarization, mechanical displacement. They promise to considerably increase signal-to-noise ratio in imaging and spectroscopy, and are already used in real-life gravitational-wave detectors. But despite being more robust than other states, they are still very fragile, which narrows the scope of their application. In particular, squeezed states are useless in measurements where the detection is inefficient or the noise is high. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a remedy against loss and noise: strong noiseless amplification before detection. This way, we achieve loss-tolerant operation of an interferometer fed with squeezed and coherent light. With only 50% detection efficiency and with noise exceeding the level of squeezed light more than 50 times, we overcome the shot-noise limit by 6 dB. Sub-shot-noise phase sensitivity survives up to 87% loss. Application of this technique to other types of optical sensing and imaging promises a full use of quantum resources in these fields.

Optimization of Detectability in Laser-Based Polarimeters

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1337-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Xi ◽  
Edward S. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Shot Noise ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Noise Limit ◽  
Shot Noise Limit

To optimize the performance of a laser-based polarimeter, a mathematical simulation was performed. High-modulation currents allow a corresponding increase in signal. However, the effect of ohmic heating puts an upper limit on the power input to the solenoid. With this constraint, one can systematically choose the wire diameter and the number of turns per unit length. An experimental verification of the optimized parameters provided performance approaching the shot-noise limit. By using higher modulation currents, one can operate at 1 kHz to achieve detectability in the microdegree range, without the complications of high-frequency (100 kHz) modulation.

scholarly journals Deterministic Superresolution with Coherent States at the Shot Noise Limit

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Distante ◽  
Miroslav Ježek ◽  
Ulrik L. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Shot Noise ◽  
Coherent States ◽  
Noise Limit ◽  
Shot Noise Limit
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