One-dimensional model for water and aqueous solutions. I. Pure liquid water

2008 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 024505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arieh Ben-Naim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional

One‐Dimensional Model for Aqueous Solutions of Inert Gases

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 3108-3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Lovett ◽  
A. Ben‐Naim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional

scholarly journals Investigating the dynamics of bulk snow density in dry and wet conditions using a one-dimensional model

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Michele ◽  
F. Avanzi ◽  
A. Ghezzi ◽  
C. Jommi
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Dry And Wet Conditions

Abstract. The snowpack is a complicated multiphase mixture with mechanical, hydraulic, and thermal properties highly variable during the year in response to climatic forcings. Bulk density is a macroscopic property of the snowpack used, together with snow depth, to quantify the water stored. In seasonal snowpacks, the bulk density is characterized by a strongly non-linear behaviour due to the occurrence of both dry and wet conditions. In the literature, bulk snow density estimates are obtained principally with multiple regressions, and snowpack models have put the attention principally on the snow depth and snow water equivalent. Here a one-dimensional model for the temporal dynamics of the snowpack, with particular attention to the bulk snow density, has been proposed, accounting for both dry and wet conditions. The model represents the snowpack as a two-constituent mixture: a dry part including ice structure, and air; and a wet part constituted by liquid water. It describes the dynamics of three variables: the depth and density of the dry part and the depth of liquid water. The model has been calibrated and validated against hourly data registered at three SNOTEL stations, western US, with mean values of the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient ≈0.73–0.97 in the validation period.

scholarly journals Investigating the dynamics of bulk snow density in dry and moist conditions using a one-dimensional model

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2305-2325
Author(s):  
C. De Michele ◽  
F. Avanzi ◽  
A. Ghezzi ◽  
C. Jommi
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Hourly Data

Abstract. Snowpack is a complicated multiphase mixture with mechanical, hydraulic, and thermal properties, highly variable within the year in response to climatic forcings. Bulk density is a macroscopic property of the snowpack used, together with snow depth, to quantify the water stored. In seasonal snowpacks, the bulk density is characterized by a strong non-linear behaviour due to the occurrence of both dry and wet conditions. In literature, bulk snow density estimates are obtained principally with multiple regressions, and snowpack models have put the attention principally on the snow depth and snow water equivalent. Here a one-dimensional model for the temporal dynamics of the bulk snow density has been proposed, accounting for both dry and moist conditions. The model assimilates the snowpack to a two-constituent mixture: a dry part including ice structure, and air, and a wet part constituted by liquid water. It describes the dynamics of three variables: the depth and density of the dry part and the depth of liquid water. The model has been calibrated and validated against hourly data registered in two SNOTEL stations, Western US, with mean values of the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient ≈0.90–0.92.

Complete vitrification in pure liquid water and dilute aqueous solutions

Nature ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 288 (5791) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brüggeller ◽  
Erwin Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

scholarly journals A one-dimensional model of the evolution of snow-cover characteristics

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yamazaki ◽  
Junsei Kondo ◽  
Takashi Sakuraoka ◽  
Toru Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Snow Temperature

A one-dimensional model has been developed to simulate the evolution of snow-cover characteristics using meteorological data. This model takes into account the heat balance at the snow surface and heat conduction in the snow cover as well as liquid water flow and densification. The basic variables of the model are snow temperature, liquid water content, snow density and the solid impurities density. With these four variables, the model can calculate albedo, thermal conductivity, liquid water flux, snow depth, water equivalent and the amount of runoff.Diurnal variation of profiles of snow temperature, water content and snow density, and meteorological elements were observed at Mount Zao Bodaira, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Simulated diurnal variation patterns of each component by the model were in good agreement with the observations. Moreover, the snow-cover characteristics were simulated for three 90-day periods with meteorological data and snow pit observations at Sapporo. It was found that the model was able to simulate long-period variations of albedo, snow depth, snow water equivalent and the snow density profile.

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