Complete vitrification in pure liquid water and dilute aqueous solutions

Nature ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 288 (5791) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brüggeller ◽  
Erwin Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

On theory of ionic volumes in dilute aqueous solutions of electrolytes

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Čeleda
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Divalent Ions ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Ionic Volumes ◽  
Adjacent Structure ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Strong Electrolytes

For purposes of calculation of densities of aqueous solutions of strong electrolytes and of their mixtures, theoretical substantiation of the formerly outlined empirical model of apparent molar ionic volumes φ in solution is presented. According to the model, the hydration sheaths of ions consisting of radially close-packed H2O molecules having effective molar volume V’w the same for all ions, are on their contact with the adjacent structure of liquid water surrounded by a layer of excess voids. This layer can bee substituted in the model by continuous gap of which d0, which again is common to all the ions and is temperature-independent. Using experimental φ values of twenty-seven strong electrolytes together with the data on electrolytic transport of water on ions, V’w = 12 cm3 mol-1 and d0 = (40 ± 2) pm were found for mono- and divalent ions in 1 mol dm-3 solutions, independently of ionic charges and crystallographic radii. The exception are small ions Li+ and Na+, the volumes of which – if interpreted on the basis of the model – correspond to hydration sheaths formed by a cluster of voluminous ice-like structure. An anomaly in this respect has been encountered also in the case of NH+4 ion.

Volume properties of dilute aqueous solutions of poly(oxyethylene) and its low molecular models

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2146-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Partial Specific Volume ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Molecular Models ◽  
Volume Properties ◽  
Specific Expansion ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Molar Expansibility

The densities were measured of pure liquid mono-, di-, tri-, and poly(oxyethylene) up to the molar mass 20 000, of 3-oxa-1-butanol and 3,6-dioxa-1-heptanol, 3-oxa-1-pentanol and 3,6-dioxa-1-octanol, 3,6-dioxa-1-decanol, 2,5-dioxahexane, 2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane and 2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecane, 3,6-dioxaoctane and 3,6,9-trioxaundecane and their aqueous solutions at the mass concentrations smaller than 0.02 in the temperature range 15-50 °C. The experimental data thus obtained were used to calculate values of the apparent specific volume at infinite dilution, specific expansion at infinite dilution, excess limiting partial specific volume and excess limiting molar expansibility of the dissolved compound. The suitability of these values as criteria of hydrophobicity of the respective compounds was verified. The volume contributions of homologous and end groups were calculated.

The reactions of oligoalcohols with arsenic, arsenous, boric and germanic acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2645-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Mikan ◽  
Miloš Bartušek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

The reactions of sorbitol, mannitol, adonitol, dulcitol, glucose and glycerol with H3AsO4, H3AsO3, H3BO3 and GeO2 acids in dilute aqueous solutions were studied by potentiometric neutralization titrations. The formation of the following chelates was demonstrated: As(V)L3-, As(III)L(OH)2-, HAs(III)L(OH)2, BL2-, GeL2(OH)- and GeL32- and the equilibrium constants for their formation were found. Conditions for formation of these chelates of organic oligohydroxy compounds are discussed.

Study of potential oscillations during reaction of an aluminium single crystal with an aqueous KOH solution

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Halaša ◽  
Milica Miadoková
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Periodic Potential ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Kinetics Of

The authors investigated periodic potential changes measured on oriented sections of Al single crystals during spontaneous dissolution in dilute aqueous solutions of KOH, with the aim to find optimum conditions for the formation of potential oscillations. It was found that this phenomenon is related with the kinetics of the reaction investigated, whose rate also changed periodically. The mechanism of the oscillations is discussed in view of the experimental findings.

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