Equilibrium and Transport Properties of the Carbon Tetrachloride‐Methylene Chloride System

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1430-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Mueller ◽  
Albert J. Ignatowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Chloride System

Diffusion of Methane and Chloromethanes in Air

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cowie ◽  
Harry Watts
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Diffusion Cell ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
Gaseous Diffusion ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Concentration Changes

The binary gaseous diffusion coefficients of air with methane, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride at 298.2 °K and 1 atm have been determined. A simple diffusion cell was used, in which concentration changes of the diffusing gas were followed by infrared spectrophotometry.

Analysis of a Single Crop Extract for Substituted Urea Herbicides and Metabolites, Chlorinated Insecticides, and Amitrole

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-532
Author(s):  
John H Onley ◽  
George Yip
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Florisil Column ◽  
Aqueous Acetonitrile ◽  
Sample Extract ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Colorimetric Procedure ◽  
Substituted Urea

Abstract An established method for chlorinated insecticides has been modified and extended to include substituted urea herbicides, some urea metabolites, and amitrole. Starting with an acetonitrile sample extract, chlorinated insecticides are removed by petroleum ether extraction for the usual cleanup and determination. The aqueous acetonitrile phase is next extracted with methylene chloride and carbon tetrachloride to isolate the urea compounds (chloroxuron, diuron, fenuron, fluometuron, linuron, metobromuron, monuron and neburon) and some of their metabolites. This combined extract is chromatographed on a MgO-cellulose-Florisil column from which two eluatcs are obtained: one contains the substituted urea herbicides, aniline metabolites, and one compound with the urea moiety and the second contains four compounds with the urea moiety. Both eluates are analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Finally, the aqueous acetonitrile extract is passed through a column of Amberlite IR-120 resin. Amitrole (3-AT), which is absorbed on the resin, is removed with NH4OH and determined by a colorimetric procedure. Recoveries of all compounds from samples fortified at 0.05–5 ppm ranged between 70 and 106%. Apparent limit of sensitivity was 0.05 ppm for both the substituted urea herbicides and their metabolites and for amitrole. Recoveries for the chlorinated insecticides at 0.005 ppm ranged between 76 and 104%.

Kinetic modeling of carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and methylene chloride removal from aqueous solution using the electron beam process

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei T. Mak ◽  
Sarita R. Zele ◽  
William J. Cooper ◽  
Charles N. Kurucz ◽  
Thomas D. Waite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Chloride Removal

Case-control investigation of occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L Callahan ◽  
Patricia A Stewart ◽  
Melissa C Friesen ◽  
Sarah Locke ◽  
Anneclaire J De Roos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma

ObjectivesAlthough many studies have investigated the association between trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), less is known about other chlorinated solvents. We extended our previous analysis of occupational TCE exposure in a multicentre population-based case-control study of NHL to investigate associations with five additional chlorinated solvents: 1,1,1,-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride and perchloroethylene.MethodsCases (n=1189) and controls (n=982) provided detailed information on their occupational histories and workplace exposure to chlorinated solvents for selected occupations using job-specific interview modules. An industrial hygienist used this information and a review of the literature to assess occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents. We computed ORs and 95% CIs for different exposure metrics, with the unexposed group as the referent. We also computed ORs by NHL subtype.ResultsHigh cumulative hours exposed to carbon tetrachloride was associated with NHL (>520 hours: OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6; Ptrend=0.04). This association remained after restricting to jobs with high-intensity exposure (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8; P=0.03) and ≥90% exposure probability (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0 to 4.3; P=0.03), adjusting for TCE (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0– to 4.1; P=0.04) and incorporating a 15-year lag (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6; P=0.06). The other evaluated chlorinated solvents were not associated with NHL.ConclusionsThis is the first study using high-quality quantitative exposure assessment methods to identify a statistically significant elevated association between occupational exposure to carbon tetrachloride and NHL. Our findings, although limited by a small number of exposed cases, offer evidence that carbon tetrachloride may be a lymphomagen.

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