Plasma Confinement by Direct-Current Magnetic Fields Assisted by an Arbitrary External Force

1962 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Dow
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
External Force ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Plasma Confinement

Mutagenic Potential of Direct Current Magnetic Fields.

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Obringer ◽  
Tara E. Nolan ◽  
Brandon Horne ◽  
Brian Kelchner
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Mutagenic Potential

Insights into the behavioural responses of juvenile thornback ray Raja clavata to alternating and direct current magnetic fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Albert ◽  
Frédéric Olivier ◽  
Aurélie Jolivet ◽  
Laurent Chauvaud ◽  
Sylvain Chauvaud
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Thornback Ray ◽  
Raja Clavata

scholarly journals Use of Stokes’ theorem for plasma confinement

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2174) ◽  
pp. 20190519
Author(s):  
R. S. MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Plasma Confinement ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Ionized Gas

Stokes’ theorem, in its original form and Cartan’s generalization, is crucial for designing magnetic fields to confine plasma (ionized gas). The paper illustrates its use, in particular to address the question whether quasi-symmetric fields, those for which guiding-centre motion is integrable, can be made with little or no toroidal current. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Stokes at 200 (Part 1)’.

scholarly journals Magnetic Field Generation by Charge Exchange in a Supernova Remnant in the Early Universe

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Shuhei Kashiwamura ◽  
Yutaka Ohira
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Charge Exchange ◽  
External Force ◽  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Return Current ◽  
Downstream Region ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract We present new-generation mechanisms of magnetic fields in supernova remnant shocks propagating to partially ionized plasmas in the early universe. Upstream plasmas are dissipated at the collisionless shock, but hydrogen atoms are not dissipated because they do not interact with electromagnetic fields. After the hydrogen atoms are ionized in the shock downstream region, they become cold proton beams that induce the electron return current. The injection of the beam protons can be interpreted as an external force acting on the downstream proton plasma. We show that the effective external force and the electron return current can generate magnetic fields without any seed magnetic fields. The magnetic field strength is estimated to be B ∼ 10 − 14 – 10 − 11 G , where the characteristic length scale is the mean free path of charge exchange, ∼ 10 15 cm . Since protons are marginally magnetized by the generated magnetic field in the downstream region, the magnetic field could be amplified to larger values and stretched to larger scales by turbulent dynamo and expansion.

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