A Bending Method for Measurement of the Tensile Strength and Young's Modulus of Glass Fibers

1950 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Glass Fibers

Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Banana Stem Fiber on Mechanical Properties and Crystallinity of PLA Composite Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voravadee Suchaiya ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Biocomposite Films ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Banana Stem

This work focused on the preparation of the biocomposite films of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) prepared from agricultural waste, banana stem fiber, and commercial microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel PH 101. Banana stem microcrystalline cellulose (BS MCC) was prepared by three steps, delignification, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. PLA and two types of MCC were processed using twin screw extruder and fabricated into film by a compression molding. The mechanical and crystalline behaviors of the biocomopsite films were investigated as a function of type and amount of MCC. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA composites were increased when concentration of MCC increased. Particularly, banana stem (BS MCC) can enhance tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA composites than the commercial MCC (Avicel PH 101) because BS MCC had better dispersion in PLA matrix than Avicel PH 101. This result was confirmed by SEM image of fractured surface of PLA composites. In addition, XRD patterns of BS MCC/PLA composites exhibited higher crystalline peak than that of Avicel PH 101/PLA composites

Effect of Castor Oil Impregnation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bacterial Cellulose

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Myrtha Karina ◽  
Lucia Indrarti ◽  
Rike Yudianti ◽  
Indriyati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acetone Water

The effect of castor oil on the physical and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose is described. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was impregnated with 0.5–2% (w/v) castor oil (CO) in acetone–water, providing BCCO films. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the castor oil penetrated the pores of the bacterial cellulose, resulting in a smoother morphology and enhanced hydrophilicity. Castor oil caused a slight change in crystallinity indices and resulted in reduced tensile strength and Young's modulus but increased elongation at break. A significant reduction in tensile strength and Young's modulus was achieved in BCCO films with 2% castor oil, and there was an improvement in elongation at break and hydrophilicity. Impregnation with castor oil, a biodegradable and safe plasticiser, resulted in less rigid and more ductile composites.

A UNIQUE APPROACH TO EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A THERMOSETTING POLYMER MATRIX FOR ICME FRAMEWORKS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL N. OLAYA ◽  
SAGAR PATIL ◽  
GREGORY M. ODEGARD ◽  
MARIANNA MAIARÙ
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cure Kinetics ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Fitting Procedure ◽  
Amine Content

A novel approach for characterization of thermosetting epoxy resins as a function of the degree of cure is presented. Density, cure kinetics, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus are experimentally characterized across four mixing ratios of DGEBF/DETDA epoxy. Dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to characterize parameters for a Prout-Thompkins kinetic model unique to each mixing ratio case through a data fitting procedure. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus are then characterized using stress-strain data extracted from quasi-static, uniaxial tension tests at room temperature. Strains are measured with the 2-D digital image correlation (DIC) optical strain measurement technique. Strength tends to increase as amine content use in the formulation increases. The converse trend is observed for Young’s modulus. Density measurements also reveal an inverse relationship with amine content.

Tensile and water absorption properties of solvent cast biofilms of sugarcane leaves fibre-filled poly(lactic) acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuhananthan Nanthakumar ◽  
Chan Ming Yeng ◽  
Koay Seong Chun
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

This research covers the preparation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/sugarcane leaves fibre (SLF) biofilms via a solvent-casting method. The results showed that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA/SLF biofilms increased with the increasing of SLF content. Nevertheless, the elongation at break showed an opposite trend as compared to tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biofilms. Moreover, water absorption properties of PLA/SLF biofilms increased with the increasing of SLF content. In contrast, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biofilms were enhanced after bleaching treatment with hydrogen peroxide on SLF, but the elongation at break and water absorption properties of bleached biofilms were reduced due to the improvement of filler–matrix adhesion in biofilms. The tensile and water properties were further discussed using B-factor and Fick’s law, respectively. Furthermore, the functional groups of unbleached and bleached SLF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis.

scholarly journals Pentaerythritol Tetrasalicylate in the Chemical Composition of Root Canal Sealers

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Manuela Gonçalves de Souza e Silva ◽  
Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow ◽  
Rafael Pino Vitti ◽  
Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti ◽  
Evandro Piva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Root Canal Sealers ◽  
Diametral Tensile Strength

Abstract The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate physicochemical properties of a new salicylate derivative in experimental calcium-based root canal sealers. Two salicylate derivatives were synthesized for the transesterification reaction of methyl salicylate with two different alcohols (1,3-butylenoglicol disalicylate-BD and pentaerythritol tetrasalicylate -PT) in molar ratio 1:3 and 1:6, respectively. The products (BD and PT), were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (RMN). Calcium-based experimental sealers were prepared with the same catalyst paste (60% of MTA, 39% of n-ethyl-o-toluenesulfonamide, and 1% titanium dioxide) and four different concentrations of BD and PT in the base pastes (40/0 - control, 35/5, 30/10 and 20/20) with 60% of bismuth oxide. The experimental sealers were evaluated for setting time, solubility (24 h, 7, 14 and 30 days), diametral tensile strength and Young’s Modulus. Data were analyzed by one- or two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test (p<0.05). The addition of PT reduced the materials setting time. After 24 h the sealer 40/0 and 35/5 had higher solubility, and after 14 and 28 days the sealer 20/20 showed the lowest solubility (p<0.05). After 7 days the sealer 20/20 stabilized its solubility. The sealer 40/0 presented the highest values and the 20/20 presented the lowest values of diametral tensile strength and Young’s modulus (p<0.05). The addition of PT to calcium-based root canal sealers provides benefits to the setting time and solubility.

scholarly journals Modified rule of mixtures and Halpin–Tsai model for prediction of tensile strength of micron-sized reinforced composites and Young’s modulus of multiscale reinforced composites for direct extrusion fabrication

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401878528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zirong Luo ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jianzhong Shang ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Delei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Rule Of Mixtures ◽  
Combined Use

A modified rule of mixtures is required to account for the experimentally observed nonlinear variation of tensile strength. A modified Halpin–Tsai model was presented to predict the Young’s modulus of multiscale reinforced composites with both micron-sized and nano-sized reinforcements. In the composites, both micron-sized fillers—carbon fibers—and nano-sized fillers—rubber nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes—are added into the epoxy resin matrix. Carbon fibers can help epoxy resins increase both the tensile strength and Young’s modulus, while rubber nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes can improve the toughness without sacrificing other properties. Mechanical experiments and scanning electron microscopy observations were used to study the effects of the micron-sized and nano-sized reinforcements and their combination on tensile and toughness properties of the composites. The results showed that the combined use of multiscale reinforcements had synergetic effects on both the strength and the toughness of the composites.

scholarly journals Regulation Mechanism of Graphene Oxide on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Gel-Spun Lignin/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Jin ◽  
Yuanyuan Jing ◽  
Wenxin Hu ◽  
Jiaxian Lin ◽  
Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Composite Fibers

Abstract Lignin has been used as a sustainable and eco-friendly filler in composite fibers. However, lignin aggregation occurred at high lignin content, which significantly hindered the further enhancement of fiber performance. The incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) enhanced the mechanical properties of the lignin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers and affected their structure. With the GO content increasing from 0 to 0.2%, the tensile strength of 5% lignin/PVA fibers increased from 491 MPa to 631 MPa, and Young's modulus increased from 5.91 GPa to 6.61 GPa. GO reinforced 30% lignin/PVA fibers also showed the same trend. The tensile strength increased from 455 MPa to 553 MPa, and Young's modulus increased from 5.39 GPa to 7 GPa. The best mechanical performance was observed in PVA fibers containing 5% lignin and 0.2% GO, which had an average tensile strength of 631 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 6.61 GPa. The toughness values of these fibers are between 9.9-15.6 J/g, and the fibrillar and ductile fracture microstructure were observed. Structure analysis of fibers showed that GO reinforced 5% lignin/PVA fibers had higher crystallinity, and evidence of hydrogen bonding among GO, lignin, and PVA in the gel fibers was revealed. Further, water resistance and swelling behavior of composite PVA fibers were studied to further evidence the structure change of composite fibers.

scholarly journals Physical and mechanical rock properties of a heterogeneous volcano; the case of Mount Unzen, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie E. Kendrick ◽  
Lauren N. Schaefer ◽  
Jenny Schauroth ◽  
Andrew F. Bell ◽  
Oliver D. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
B Value ◽  
Coda Wave ◽  
Damage Accrual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Volcanoes represent one of the most critical geological settings for hazard modelling due to their propensity to both unpredictably erupt and collapse, even in times of quiescence. Volcanoes are heterogeneous at multiple scales, from porosity which is variably distributed and frequently anisotropic to strata that are laterally discontinuous and commonly pierced by fractures and faults. Due to variable and, at times, intense stress and strain conditions during and post-emplacement, volcanic rocks span an exceptionally wide range of physical and mechanical properties. Understanding the constituent materials' attributes is key to improving the interpretation of hazards posed by the diverse array of volcanic complexes. Here, we examine the spectrum of physical and mechanical properties presented by a single dome-forming eruption at a dacitic volcano, Mount Unzen (Japan) by testing a number of isotropic and anisotropic lavas in tension and compression and using monitored acoustic emission (AE) analysis. The lava dome was erupted as a series of 13 lobes between 1991–1995, and its ongoing instability means much of the volcano and its surroundings remain within an exclusion zone today. During a field campaign in 2015, we selected 4 representative blocks as the focus of this study. The core samples from each block span range in porosity from 9.14 to 42.81 %, and permeability ranges from 1.54 × 10−14 to 2.67 × 10−10 m2 (from 1065 measurements). For a given porosity, sample permeability varies by > 2 orders of magnitude is lower for macroscopically anisotropic samples than isotropic samples of similar porosity. An additional 379 permeability measurements on planar block surfaces ranged from 1.90 × 10−15 to 2.58 × 10−12 m2, with a single block having higher standard deviation and coefficient of variation than a single core. Permeability under confined conditions showed that the lowest permeability samples, whose porosity largely comprises microfractures, are most sensitive to effective pressure. The permeability measurements highlight the importance of both scale and confinement conditions in the description of permeability. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) ranges from 13.48 to 47.80 MPa, and tensile strength (UTS) using the Brazilian disc method ranges from 1.30 to 3.70 MPa, with crack-dominated lavas being weaker than vesicle-dominated materials of equivalent porosity. UCS is lower in saturated conditions, whilst the impact of saturation on UTS is variable. UCS is between 6.8 and 17.3 times higher than UTS, with anisotropic samples forming each end member. The Young's modulus of dry samples ranges from 4.49 to 21.59 GPa and is systematically reduced in water-saturated tests. The interrelation of porosity, UCS, UTS and Young's modulus was modelled with good replication of the data. Acceleration of monitored acoustic emission (AE) rates during deformation was assessed by fitting Poisson point process models in a Bayesian framework. An exponential acceleration model closely replicated the tensile strength tests, whilst compressive tests tended to have relatively high early rates of AEs, suggesting failure forecast may be more accurate in tensile regimes, though with shorter warning times. The Gutenberg-Richter b-value has a negative correlation with connected porosity for both UCS and UTS tests which we attribute to different stress intensities caused by differing pore networks. b-value is higher for UTS than UCS, and typically decreases (positive Δb) during tests, with the exception of cataclastic samples in compression. Δb correlates positively with connected porosity in compression, and negatively in tension. Δb using a fixed sampling length may be a more useful metric for monitoring changes in activity at volcanoes than b-value with an arbitrary starting point. Using coda wave interferometry (CWI) we identify velocity reductions during mechanical testing in compression and tension, the magnitude of which is greater in more porous samples in UTS but independent of porosity in UCS, and which scales to both b-value and Δb. Yet, saturation obscures velocity changes caused by evolving material properties, which could mask damage accrual or source migration in water-rich environments such as volcanoes. The results of this study highlight that heterogeneity and anisotropy within a single system not only add uncertainty but also have a defining role in the channelling of fluid flow and localisation of strain that dictate a volcano's hazards and the geophysical indicators we use to interpret them.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Multimaterials ABS/PC Parts: Effect of Printing Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Pui-Voon Yap ◽  
Ming-Yeng Chan ◽  
Seong-Chun Koay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Printing Speed

This research work highlights the mechanical properties of multi-material by fused deposition modelling (FDM). The specimens for tensile and flexural test have been printed using polycarbonate (PC) material at different combinations of printing parameters. The effects of varied printing speed, infill density and nozzle diameter on the mechanical properties of specimens have been investigated. Multi-material specimens were fabricated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the base material and PC as the reinforced material at the optimum printing parameter combination. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical testing to observe their tensile strength, Young’s modulus, percentage elongation, flexural strength and flexural modulus. The outcome of replacing half of ABS with PC to create a multi-material part has been examined. As demonstrated by the results, the optimum combination of printing parameters is 60 mm/s printing speed, 15% infill density and 0.8 mm nozzle diameter. The combination of ABS and PC materials as reinforcing material has improved the tensile strength (by 38.46%), Young’s modulus (by 23.40%), flexural strength (by 23.90%) and flexural modulus (by 37.33%) while reducing the ductility by 14.31% as compared to pure ABS. The results have been supported by data and graphs of the analysed specimens.

Mechanical Properties of Herbal Patches from Chitosan-Based Polymer Blends for Medical Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 917 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Jirapornchai Suksaeree
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Zingiber Cassumunar

Recently, Thai herbs are widely used as medicine to treat some illnesses. Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., known by the Thai name “Plai”, is a popular anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic herbal body and muscle treatment. This research aimed to prepare herbal patches that incorporated the 3 g of crude Z. cassumunar oil. The herbal patches made from different polymer blends were 2 g of 3.5%w/v chitosan and 5 g of 20%w/v hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), or 2 g of 3.5%w/v chitosan and 5 g of 20%w/v polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using 2 g of glycerin as a plasticizer. They were prepared by mixing all ingredients in a beaker and produced by solvent casting method in hot air oven at 70±2oC. The completed herbal patches were evaluated for their mechanical properties including Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, T-peel strength, and tack adhesion. The thickness of blank and herbal patches was 0.263-0.282 mm and 0.269-0.275 mm, respectively. Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, T-peel strength, and tack adhesion were 104.73-142.71 MPa, 87.92-93.28 MPa, 154.39-174.98 %, 3.43-4.88 MPa, and 5.29-7.02 MPa, respectively, for blank patches, and 116.83-147.28 MPa, 89.49-100.47 MPa, 133.78-159.27 %, 2.01-3.98 MPa, and 4.03-5.19 MPa, respectively, for herbal patches. We prepared herbal blended patches made from chitosan/PVA or chitosan/HPMC polymer matrix blends incorporating the crude Z. cassumunar oil. They had good mechanical properties that might be developed for herbal medicinal application.

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