The ISIS Penning Ion Source and the Volume Ion Sources from Frankfurt and DESY for H− Production

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Thomason
Keyword(s):  
Ion Source ◽  
Ion Sources

Ion Sources for Ion Beam Assisted Thin Film Deposmon

1995 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Svadkovsk ◽  
Anatoly P. Dostanko
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Anode Layer ◽  
High Current ◽  
Ion Beam Assisted Deposition ◽  
Ion Energies ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
Basic Distinction

AbstractTwo types of the ion sources for ion beam assisted deposition using inert gases, oxygen or nitrogen are reported. Their design and operational features are presented. Each of them has the properties of two existing main types of the gridless Hall sources: an end-Hall source and the anode-layer version a closed-drift ion source. Basic distinction of the developed sources is the extended range of ion energies in high-current beam for optimization of deposition, cleaning and etching processes.

Gas-discharge ion sources for electromagnetic mass separation on a heavy-ion beam II. operating speed of ion source

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1000
Author(s):  
A. P. Kabachenko ◽  
I. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
Li Hen Su ◽  
N. I. Tarantin
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gas Discharge ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Mass Separation ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Electromagnetic Mass ◽  
Heavy Ion Beam

scholarly journals A Vacuum Ultraviolet Ion Source (VUV-IS) for Iodide-Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Substitute for Radioactive Ion Sources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ji ◽  
L. Gregory Huey ◽  
David J. Tanner ◽  
Young Ro Lee ◽  
Patrick R. Veres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Radioactive Source ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Molecular Chlorine

Abstract. A new ion source (IS) utilizing vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light is developed and characterized for use with iodide-chemical ionization mass spectrometers (I−-CIMS). The VUV-IS utilizes a compact krypton lamp that emits light in two wavelength bands corresponding to energies of ~10.0 and 10.6 eV. The VUV light photoionizes either methyl iodide (ionization potential, IP = 9.54 ± 0.02 eV) or benzene (IP = 9.24378 ± 0.00007 eV) to form cations and photoelectrons. The electrons react with methyl iodide to form I− which serves as the reagent ion for the CIMS. The VUV-IS is characterized by measuring the sensitivity of a quadrupole CIMS (Q-CIMS) to formic acid, molecular chlorine, and nitryl chloride under a variety of flow and pressure conditions. The sensitivity of the Q-CIMS, with the VUV-IS, reached up to ~700 Hz pptv−1, with detection limits of less than 1 pptv for a one minute integration period. The reliability of the Q-CIMS with a VUV-IS is demonstrated with data from a month long ground-based field campaign. The VUV-IS is further tested by operation on a high resolution time-of-flight CIMS (TOF-CIMS). Sensitivities greater than 25 Hz pptv−1 were obtained for formic acid and molecular chlorine, which were similar to that obtained with a radioactive source. In addition, the mass spectra from sampling ambient air was cleaner with the VUV-IS on the TOF-CIMS compared to measurements using a radioactive source. These results demonstrate that the VUV lamp is a viable substitute for radioactive ion sources on I−-CIMS systems for most applications. In addition, the VUV-IS can likely be extended to other reagent ions, such as SF6− which are formed from high IP electron attachers, by the use of absorbers such as benzene to serve as a source of photoelectrons.

scholarly journals Challenges and Strategies of Chemical Analysis of Drugs of Abuse and Explosives by Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan Habib ◽  
Lei Bi ◽  
Huanhuan Hong ◽  
Luhong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Ambient Ionization ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Ionization Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Strategies

In analytical science, mass spectrometry (MS) is known as a “gold analytical tool” because of its unique character of providing the direct molecular structural information of the relevant analyte molecules. Therefore, MS technique has widely been used in all branches of chemistry along with in proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, lipidomics, environmental monitoring etc. Mass spectrometry-based methods are very much needed for fast and reliable detection and quantification of drugs of abuse and explosives in order to provide fingerprint information for criminal investigation as well as for public security and safety at public places, respectively. Most of the compounds exist as their neutral form in nature except proteins, peptides, nucleic acids that are in ionic forms intrinsically. In MS, ion source is the heart of the MS that is used for ionizing the electrically neutral molecules. Performance of MS in terms of sensitivity and selectivity depends mainly on the efficiency of the ionization source. Accordingly, much attention has been paid to develop efficient ion sources for a wide range of compounds. Unfortunately, none of the commercial ion sources can be used for ionization of different types of compounds. Moreover, in MS, analyte molecules must be released into the gaseous phase and then ionize by using a suitable ion source for detection/quantification. Under these circumstances, fabrication of new ambient ion source and ultrasonic cutter blade-based non-thermal and thermal desorption methods have been taken into account. In this paper, challenges and strategies of mass spectrometry analysis of the drugs of abuse and explosives through fabrication of ambient ionization sources and new desorption methods for non-volatile compounds have been described. We will focus the literature progress mostly in the last decade and present our views for the future study.

Ion Injectors for High-Intensity Accelerators

2013 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
pp. 197-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Stockli ◽  
Takahide Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Beam Intensity ◽  
Duty Factor ◽  
Ion Species

There are a growing number of applications for ion accelerators, with increasingly complex beam requirements and progressively higher beam intensities. The performance of the ion injector is critical to the success of these projects. First, there is the ion source that has to produce the desired ion species, with a large variety of desired species requiring vastly different ion sources. In addition, the ion source has to produce those ions with the desired rate and without debilitating impurities, as well as with the desired duty factor. Several examples will show that very successful ion sources can fail when the duty factor is increased because their lifetime becomes too short or their failure rate too high. Equally important is the extraction of those ions and their transport to the next stage of acceleration, because the slow ion velocities pose a serious challenge to increasing the intensity. As the beam intensity is increased, its emittance, stability and controllability become more important. This article cannot cover this subject in depth. It tries to provide a flavor of the complexities and serve as an introduction to further reading and studies.

scholarly journals Performance of a corona ion source for measurement of sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kürten ◽  
L. Rondo ◽  
S. Ehrhart ◽  
J. Curtius
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
H2so4 Concentration

Abstract. The performance of an ion source based on corona discharge has been studied. This source is used for the detection of gaseous sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) through the reaction of NO3– ions with H2SO4. The ion source is operated under atmospheric pressure and its design is similar to the one of a radioactive (americium-241) ion source which has been used previously. The results show that the detection limit for the corona ion source is sufficiently good for most applications. For an integration time of 1 min it is ~6 × 104 molecule cm−3 of H2SO4. In addition, only a small cross-sensitivity to SO2 has been observed for concentrations as high as 1 ppmv in the sample gas. This low sensitivity to SO2 is achieved even without the addition of an OH scavenger. When comparing the new corona ion source with the americium ion source for the same provided H2SO4 concentration, both ion sources yield almost identical values. These features make the corona ion source investigated here favorable over the more commonly used radioactive ion sources for most applications where H2SO4 is measured by CIMS.

scholarly journals A nanopore ion source delivers single amino acid and peptide ions directly into the gas phase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Drachman ◽  
Mathilde LePoitevin ◽  
Hannah Szapary ◽  
Ben Wiener ◽  
William Maulbetsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Peptide Ions ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Spatial Ordering ◽  
Background Gas

A technology for sequencing single proteins would expand our understanding of biology and improve the detection and treatment of disease. Approaches based on fluorosequencing, nanopores, and tunneling spectroscopy are under development and show promise. However, only mass spectrometry (MS) has demonstrated an ability to identify amino acids with minimal degeneracy. We envision sequencing a protein by fragmenting it and delivering its constituent amino acids into a mass spectrometer in sequential order, but existing ion sources employ a background gas that scrambles the spatial ordering of ions and degrades their transmission. Here we report an ion source comprising a glass capillary with a sub-100 nm diameter pore that emits amino acid ions from aqueous solution directly into vacuum. Emitted ions travel collision-less trajectories before striking a single-ion detector. We measured unsolvated ions of 16 different amino acids as well as glutathione and two of its post-translationally modified variants.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Ion Sources of River Water in the Upstream of the Shiyang River, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhiYuan Zhang ◽  
Wenxiong Jia ◽  
Guofeng Zhu ◽  
Yang Shi ◽  
Hui Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Source ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Weakly Alkaline ◽  
Source Characteristics ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Water Chemical Composition ◽  
Inland Rivers ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract As the largest tributary of the Shiyang River, with the average annual inflow of total runoff accounting for 23%, the Xiying River has representative of mountain runoff of inland rivers in the Northwest of China. Using samples collected in this basin from September 2016 to October 2017, the water chemical composition and ion source characteristics of river were studied. The results show that the river is weakly alkaline, the average pH is 8.0 and the TDS is 179.29 mg·L-1. With the elevation decreasing along the river, the TDS of main stream tend to increase firstly and then decrease, but those of TDS of each tributary decrease, and latter is lower than the former. Affected significantly by the flow, the lowest value of ion concentration in river occurs in summer, and the highest occurs in autumn and winter. The hydrochemical type of river is CaMg-HCO3. In the river, the order of cation mass concentration is NH4+<K+<Na+<Mg2+<Ca2+, and that of anion is F-<NO3-<Cl-<SO42-<HCO3-. The sources of ions in river are mainly from the weathering of Silicates and Carbonates. With the elevation decreasing along the river, the influence of Silicates on the inflowing tributaries is gradually strengthened.

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