In situ determination of absolute number densities of nitrogen molecule triplet states in an rf-plasma sheath

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 3115-3120 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Krames ◽  
Th. Glenewinkel-Meyer ◽  
J. Meichsner
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Number ◽  
Nitrogen Molecule ◽  
Plasma Sheath ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Triplet States

Optimization of III-N Based Devices Grown by RF Atomic Nitrogen Plasma Using In-Situ Cathodoluminescence

1997 ◽  
Vol 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Van Hove ◽  
P. P. Chow ◽  
J. J. Klaassen ◽  
R. Hickman ◽  
A. M. Wowchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Band Edge ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Band Edge Emission ◽  
Rejection Ratio

ABSTRACTIn-situ cathodoluminescence (CL) is presented as a technique to optimize GaN, and AlGaN films deposited by MBE using an RF plasma as a source of reactive nitrogen. Excitation of the MBE grown nitride films is conveniently achieved in the preparation chamber using an Auger electron gun. The photoemission is monitored through a side port and dispersed with a 1/8 m monochromator with a typical resolution of 3 nm. The in-situ CL spectra of AlGaN and GaN films provides quick determination of both material composition, doping, and quality from the position and width of the band edge emission. The use of CL for the assessment of material composition in the growth of nitride materials is extremely beneficial since the complementary technique of RHEED oscillations is not routinely observed for these systems. The determination of material quality using CL has been used to optimize growth conditions for GaN PIN junction photovoltaic detectors on (0001) sapphire. Detectors having peak responsivity of 0.175 AAV at the GaN band edge of 365 nm and a UV to visible rejection ratio of greater than 105 have been fabricated. The high rejection ratio is accredited to the reduction of the yellow defect levels in the MBE grown material. Material optimization using in-situ CL for growth of AlGaN MODFETs having drain currents of 425 ma/mm and gm of 66 mS/mm is discussed.

INDIREKTE PAPIERCHROMATOGRAPHISCHE METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG DER HARNOESTROGENE

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kecskés ◽  
F. Mutschler ◽  
I. Glós ◽  
E. Thán ◽  
I. Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
List Type ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumour ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Phenol Fraction ◽  
Qualitative Determination

ABSTRACT 1. An indirect paperchromatographic method is described for separating urinary oestrogens; this consists of the following steps: acidic hydrolysis, extraction with ether, dissociation of phenol-fractions with partition between the solvents. Previous purification of phenol fraction with the aid of paperchromatography. The elution of oestrogen containing fractions is followed by acetylation. Oestrogen acetate is isolated by re-chromatography. The chromatogram was developed after hydrolysis of the oestrogens 'in situ' on the paper. The quantity of oestrogens was determined indirectly, by means of an iron-reaction, after the elution of the iron content of the oestrogen spot, which was developed by the Jellinek-reaction. 2. The method described above is satisfactory for determining urinary oestrogen, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol, but could include 16-epioestriol and other oestrogenic metabolites. 3. The sensitivity of the method is 1.3–1.6 μg/24 hours. 4. The quantitative and qualitative determination of urinary oestrogens with the above mentioned method was performed in 50 pregnant and 9 non pregnant women, and also in 2 patients with granulosa cell tumour.

Single Crystal Growth of High-Pressure Phases of Ice and Salt Hydrate Far Below the Original Melting Point by Mixing Alcohol: Crystal Structure Determination of Magnesium Chloride Heptahydrate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keishiro Yamashita ◽  
Kazuki Komatsu ◽  
Hiroyuki Kagi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Growth Technique ◽  
Salt Hydrate ◽  
X Ray

An crystal-growth technique for single crystal x-ray structure analysis of high-pressure forms of hydrogen-bonded crystals is proposed. We used alcohol mixture (methanol: ethanol = 4:1 in volumetric ratio), which is a widely used pressure transmitting medium, inhibiting the nucleation and growth of unwanted crystals. In this paper, two kinds of single crystals which have not been obtained using a conventional experimental technique were obtained using this technique: ice VI at 1.99 GPa and MgCl<sub>2</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O at 2.50 GPa at room temperature. Here we first report the crystal structure of MgCl2·7H2O. This technique simultaneously meets the requirement of hydrostaticity for high-pressure experiments and has feasibility for further in-situ measurements.

Determination of Internal Stresses During Pearlite Transformation of 0.8c–1.5Mn Steel Through In-Situ Neutron Diffraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Morooka ◽  
Nobuo Nakada ◽  
Yuhki Tsukada ◽  
Wu Gong ◽  
Takuro Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Internal Stresses

Simple, Direct and Simultaneous Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Lead and Copper in Gasoline Using an In Situ Mercury Film Electrode

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Martiniano ◽  
Joseany Almeida ◽  
Glene Cavalcante ◽  
Edmar Marques ◽  
Teresa Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Voltammetric Determination ◽  
Film Electrode ◽  
Mercury Film Electrode ◽  
Mercury Film

scholarly journals 7Au@SnO2-vertical graphene-based microneedle sensor for in-situ determination of abscisic acid in plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 112237
Author(s):  
ZhengWang ◽  
Lifang Xue ◽  
Mingji Li ◽  
Cuiping Li ◽  
Penghai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid
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