Simulation of polyelectrolytes: counterion condensation, ion capture, and bundle binding

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Counterion Condensation

scholarly journals Counterion Condensation and Effective Charge of PAMAM Dendrimers

Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 812-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Böhme ◽  
Anja Klenge ◽  
Brigitte Hänel ◽  
Ulrich Scheler
Keyword(s):  
Effective Charge ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Counterion Condensation

Electric condensation of divalent counterions by humic acid nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman P. van Leeuwen ◽  
Raewyn M. Town
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Ion Pairing ◽  
Counterion Condensation ◽  
Counterion Binding ◽  
Satisfactory Description ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann ◽  
Very High

Environmental context Humic acids are negatively charged soft nanoparticles that play a governing role in the speciation of many ionic and molecular compounds in the environment. The charge density in the humic acid nanoparticle can be very high and the binding of divalent cations such as Ca2+ appears to go far beyond traditional ion pairing or Poisson–Boltzmann electrostatics. A two-state approach, combining counterion condensation in the intraparticulate double layer and classical Donnan partitioning in the bulk of the particle, provides a satisfactory description of the physicochemical speciation. Abstract Experimental data for divalent counterion binding by soil humic acid nanoparticles are set against ion distributions as ensuing from continuous Poisson–Boltzmann electrostatics and a two-state condensation approach. The results demonstrate that Poisson–Boltzmann massively underestimates the extent of binding of Ca2+ by humic acid, and that electric condensation of these counterions within the soft nanoparticulate body must be involved. The measured stability of the Ca2+–humic acid associate is also much greater than that predicted for ion pairing between single Ca2+ ions and monovalent negative humic acid sites, which also points to extensive electrostatic cooperativity within the humic acid particle. At sufficiently high pH, the charge density inside the humic acid entity may indeed become so high that the bulk particle attains a very high and practically flat potential profile throughout. At this limit, all the intraparticulate Ca2+ is at approximately the same electrostatic potential and the status of individual ion pairs has become immaterial. A two-state model, combining counterion condensation in the charged intraparticulate part of the double layer at the particle–medium interface and Donnan partitioning in the uncharged bulk of the humic acid particle, seems to lead the way to adequate modelling of the divalent counterion binding for various particle sizes and different ionic strengths.

Direct observation of the transition to counterion condensation

1984 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1334-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Klein ◽  
B. R. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Counterion Condensation

scholarly journals Hidden Criticality of Counterion Condensation Near a Charged Cylinder

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minryeong Cha ◽  
Juyeon Yi ◽  
Yong Woon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Counterion Condensation ◽  
Charged Cylinder

Electrophoretic evidence for a new type of counterion condensation

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (19) ◽  
pp. 3616-3627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Popov ◽  
David A. Hoagland
Keyword(s):  
Counterion Condensation ◽  
New Type

Counterion Condensation in Nucleic Acid

2008 ◽  
pp. 139-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Spasic ◽  
Udayan Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Counterion Condensation

Volume transition effects on the correlations and effective interactions among highly charged microgels

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 5081-5093 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Aguirre-Manzo ◽  
P. González-Mozuelos
Keyword(s):  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Counterion Condensation ◽  
Effective Interactions ◽  
Volume Transition ◽  
Transition Effects

Microgels shrinkage promotes counterion condensation, which in the highly charged regime markedly inhibits the effective interaction and induces strong counterion–counterion correlations that deviate this potential from the traditional Yukawa shape.

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