A fast-response chemical ionization mass spectrometer for in situ measurements of HNO[sub 3] in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 3886 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Neuman ◽  
R. S. Gao ◽  
M. E. Schein ◽  
S. J. Ciciora ◽  
J. C. Holecek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Upper Troposphere

scholarly journals Chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) for ambient measurements of ammonia

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1133-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Benson ◽  
M. Al-Refai ◽  
S.-H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Molecule Reaction ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Ambient Nh3 ◽  
Ambient Measurements

Abstract. This study describes a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) for fast response, in-situ measurements for gas phase ammonia. Protonated ethanol ions were used as the ion-molecule reaction reagent. The CIMS sensitivity was estimated to be between 4–25 Hz/pptv with 30% uncertainty. The instrument background was below 1 ppbv and at lowest was 300 pptv. The uncertainty associated with the instrumental background was less than 30 pptv under the optimized experimental conditions. The time response was less than 30 s, and the detection limit was approximately 60 pptv. This CIMS was used to measure the ambient NH3 in Kent, Ohio, for several weeks throughout three seasons. The measured ammonia mixing ratios were usually at the sub-ppbv level, and higher during the spring (200±120 pptv) than in the winter (60±75 pptv) and fall (150±80 pptv).

In situ measurements of hydrogen cyanide in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere during Arctic spring 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 107 (D5) ◽  
pp. SOL 47-1-SOL 47-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Viggiano ◽  
D. E. Hunton ◽  
Thomas M. Miller ◽  
John O. Ballenthin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere

Ozone variability and trends in the UTLS derived from the IAGOS- CARIBIC observatory using JETPAC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Boenisch ◽  
Andreas Zahn ◽  
Luis Millan
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Research Infrastructure ◽  
European Research ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Work In Progress

<p>The CARIBIC (Civil  Aircraft  for  the  Regular  Investigation  of the atmosphere Based on an <br>Instrumented Container) project is part of the a European research infrastructure IAGOS (In-<br>Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) making regular in-situ measurements of more <br>than 100 atmospheric constituents, include ozone and water vapour, on-board of an in-service <br>passenger  aircraft  operated  by  Lufthansa.  The  dataset  of  the  IAGOS-CARIBIC  is  therefore <br>ideally suited as a testbed for the SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role <br>in Climate) activity OCTAV-UTLS (Observed Composition Trends And Variability in the Upper <br>Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere). One key aspect, shown here as work in progress, is to <br>develop, define and apply common metrics for the comparison of different UTLS datasets <br>using a variety of meteorological coordinate systems derived from reanalysis datasets. The <br>focus here is on the variability of ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere <br>(UTLS) on interannual and seasonal timescales and the observed trends. The in-situ ozone <br>measurements by IAGOS-CARIBIC are analysed relative to different tropopause definitions <br>and coordinate systems. All these meteorological information applied here are produced with <br>the JETPAC tool ‒ Jet and Tropopause Products for Analysis and Characterization (Manney et <br>al., 2011).</p>

scholarly journals A Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer for ambient measurements of Ammonia

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Benson ◽  
A. Markovich ◽  
M. Al-Refai ◽  
S.-H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Ambient Measurements

Abstract. This study presents a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) for fast response, in-situ measurements of gas phase ammonia (NH3). The NH3 background level detected with the CIMS ranged between 0.3–1 ppbv, with an uncertainty of 30 pptv under optimized conditions. The instrument sensitivity varied from 4–25 Hz/pptv for >1 MHz of reagent ion signals (protonated ethanol ions), with a 30% uncertainty estimated based on variability in calibration signals. The CIMS detection limit for NH3 was ~60 pptv at a 1 min integration time (3 sigma). The CIMS time response was <30 s. This new NH3-CIMS has been used for ambient measurements in Kent, Ohio, for several weeks throughout three seasons. The measured NH3 mixing ratios were usually at the sub-ppbv level and higher in spring (200 ± 120 pptv) than in winter (60 ± 75 pptv) and fall (150 ± 80 pptv). High emissions of SO2 from power plants in this region, and thus possible high acidity of aerosol particles, may explain these low NH3 mixing ratios in general.

scholarly journals Measurement of low-ppm mixing ratios of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using chemical ionization mass spectrometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Thornberry ◽  
A. W. Rollins ◽  
R. S. Gao ◽  
L. A. Watts ◽  
S. J. Ciciora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
Particle Radiation ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Mixing Ratios

Abstract. A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) instrument has been developed for the fast, precise, and accurate measurement of water vapor (H2O) at low mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). A low-pressure flow of sample air passes through an ionization volume containing an α-particle radiation source, resulting in a cascade of ion-molecule reactions that produce hydronium ions (H3O+) from ambient H2O. The production of H3O+ ions from ambient H2O depends on pressure and flow through the ion source, which were tightly controlled in order to maintain the measurement sensitivity independent of changes in the airborne sampling environment. The instrument was calibrated every 45 min in flight by introducing a series of H2O mixing ratios between 0.5 and 153 parts per million (ppm) generated by Pt-catalyzed oxidation of H2 standards while overflowing the inlet with dry synthetic air. The CIMS H2O instrument was deployed in an unpressurized payload area aboard the NASA WB-57 high altitude research aircraft during the Mid-latitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment (MACPEX) mission in March and April 2011. The instrument performed successfully during seven flights, measuring H2O mixing ratios below 5 ppm in the lower stratosphere at altitudes up to 17.7 km, and as low as 3.5 ppm near the tropopause. Data were acquired at 10 Hz and reported as 1-s averages. In-flight calibrations demonstrated a typical sensitivity of 2000 Hz ppm−1 at 3 ppm with a signal to noise ratio (2σ, 1-s) greater than 32. The total measurement uncertainty was 9 to 11%, derived from the uncertainty in the in situ calibrations.

In situ measurements of HNO3, NOy, NO, and O3 in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (33) ◽  
pp. 5789-5797 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Neuman ◽  
R.S. Gao ◽  
D.W. Fahey ◽  
J.C. Holecek ◽  
B.A. Ridley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere

Airborne gas chromatograph for in situ measurements of long-lived species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Elkins ◽  
D. W. Fahey ◽  
J. M. Gilligan ◽  
G. S. Dutton ◽  
T. J. Baring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Upper Troposphere

scholarly journals Atmospheric amines and ammonia measured with a Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 16411-16450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. You ◽  
V. P. Kanawade ◽  
J. A. de Gouw ◽  
A. B. Guenther ◽  
S. Madronich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Southeast Us

Abstract. We report ambient measurements of amines and ammonia with a~fast response chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) in a southeastern US forest in Alabama and a~moderately polluted Midwestern site during the summer. In the Alabama forest, mostly C3-amines (from pptv to tens of pptv) and ammonia (up to 2 ppbv) were detected on a daily basis. C3-amines and ammonia showed similar diurnal trends and temperature and wind direction dependences, and were not associated with transported CO and SO2 plumes. Consistent with temperature dependences, amine and ammonia in the gas and aerosol phases showed opposite diurnal trends, indicating gas-to-particle partitioning of amines and ammonia. Temperature dependences also imply reversible processes of amines and ammonia evaporation from soil surfaces in daytime and deposition of amines and ammonia to soil surfaces at nighttime. Various amines (C1–C6) at the pptv level were observed in the transported biomass burning plumes, showing that biomass burning can be a substantial source of amines in the Southeast US. At the moderately polluted Kent site, higher concentrations of amines (C1–C6, from pptv to tens of pptv) and ammonia (up to 6 ppbv) were detected. Diurnal variations of C1- to C3-amines and ammonia were correlated with the ambient temperature. C4- to C6-amines showed abrupt increases during the nighttime, suggesting that they were emitted from local sources. These abundant amines and ammonia may in part explain the frequent new particle formation events reported from Kent. Lower amine concentrations at the rural forested site highlight the importance of constraining anthropogenic sources of amines.

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